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Ritos funerarios

PAULA ESTÉVEZ

Desde o Paleolítico a nosa sorpresa ante a morte non cambiou. Ao representar un rito funerario, sempre se inclúe no cadro a tristeza e a angustia fronte ao azar; en pinceladas suaves ou a altas doses, dependendo do tratamento emocional desta cultura, máis expresiva ou moderada. Ritualizamos a morte tentando comprendela. Un esforzo innecesario, pero que seguimos facendo despois de miles de anos. Comprender a morte suporía entender a vida no seu conxunto e parece que só podemos responder a preguntas parciais e limitadas. Iso é o que fai a ciencia. Como dicía Kant, seguiremos preguntándonos sobre o que non podemos responder, porque tentar entendelo é parte do que somos. A procura de sentido á morte é quizais o maior expoñente da vontade de comprender, condenada ao fracaso.

Nalgúns enterramentos prehistóricos, como no xacemento neandertal de Kurdistán, os restos enterrados están cubertos por unha antiga polea, o que fixo pensar que se podían pór flores sobre os cadáveres. Deixar ao defunto sen morto para que os carnazal maten o corpo, considerámolo unha crueldade; que dicir de arrastrar o cadáver atado a un cabalo, ata que Aquiles devastó o corpo de Héctor. Antígona desobedecía a orde do rei, que obrigaba a un dos seus irmáns a deixar o corpo como lixo. A pesar de pór en perigo a súa vida, nunca dubidou en ofrecerlle as bombas funerarias axeitadas.

Debemos manifestar a incomprensión que nos produce a morte dunha persoa querida participando nunha liturxia colectiva

Os funerais cambian de lugar, a tempo, pero a estrutura profunda é inamovible: hai que facer algo, pararse por un momento e despedir aos mortos. Damos condolencias e agradecémolo; sendo fórmulas ríxidas, expresións formalizadas para expresar a dor, as condolencias parecen contraditorias. En moitos lugares e durante moito tempo pagouse ás mulleres para que choren nos funerais, algo sorprendente para a sensibilidade actual, subordinada ás boas expresións das emocións. Os lloreros sempre son mulleres a cambio de diñeiro, pero as bágoas máis famosas da literatura, as máis masculinas: Gilgamesh lamenta a morte de Enkidu, Aquiles a de Patroclo, do seu pai Jorge Manrique, Miguel Hernández a de Sijera, Lorca a de Sánchez Mejías.

A infidelidade moderna abandonou o rito e tentou pasar rapidamente a outra cousa, só logrou aumentar a angustia. Debemos manifestar a incomprensión que nos produce a morte dunha persoa querida a través da nosa participación nunha liturxia colectiva, aínda que iso non evite o sufrimento en soidade. Nunha ruptura amorosa, como os sonetos, pon orde, métrica, rima no horror. Descontento en forma e lugar axeitados, porque a vida ten que seguir, como di o tópico. E seguirá. Miguel Hernández, na preciosa igrexa, dicía: "Voume do meu corazón ás miñas contas sen a calor e consóloa de ninguén"; do corazón esnaquizado a pagar a multa a tempo para non perder o desconto. Mes baixo terra, a vida satisfaille sen piedade. A vida segue, porque a morte é o único que non ten remedio. Non é crible o que din os cristiáns, "Xa estará no alento do seu pai": si así fóra, por que non satisfailles a morte? Pero tampouco se entende a suposta iconoclasia de quen non acode a dar condolencias aos funerais, coa escusa da súa mera formalidad. Sen consolo: ritual, rima, enrutamiento da dor.

Os migrantes de pata final que chegaron á península acaban de anunciar na radio que varios corpos foron expulsados do cárcere.

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