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Quen era Adolf Eichmann?

Karl Adolf Eichmann (Solingen, Imperio alemán, 1906 - Ramdel, Israel, 1962) foi o oficial superior das SS da Alemaña nazi, especialmente coñecido polo seu nomeamento como “responsable loxístico” da chamada Última Solución ou Última Solución. A planificación do transporte dos deportados aos campos de concentración era a súa responsabilidade. Traballou de forma manual con Reinhard Heydrich, planificando e desenvolvendo entre ambos os emprazamentos, distancias, percorridos e tempos de campos de concentración e carroña. Si había que acelerar os asasinatos dos deportados, Eichmann dicíase “especialmente arrinca”.

O percorrido afiliouse ao Partido Nazi con
26 anos no Partido Nazi, en Austria onde vivía. Un ano despois os nacionalistas nazis chegaron ao poder en Alemaña, Hitler púxose ao mando, e en poucos días Austria declarou ilegal ao partido. Así que, como tantos outros, Eichmann pasou a Alemaña. A mediados da década de 1930 chegou a traballar no Servizo de Seguridade tras varios postos dentro do Partido Nazi. Esta oficina tiña como obxectivo a “vixilancia” das organizacións xudías, que en principio consistía en negociar coas asociacións sionistas organizadas. Querían expulsar aos xudeus do país, elaborando, si era posible, un plan de emigración e chegando a un acordo cos xudeus burgueses, e os diálogos estendéronse no tempo. Fixeron unha visita de inspección a Palestina para crear unha estatua xudía. En contacto directo con estas asociacións chegou a coñecer a residencia dos xudeus que posteriormente deportaría aos campos de concentración.

O proceso de expulsión intensificouse unha vez III. En Reich, en 1938, cando Alemaña anexionou Austria. Abriron en Viena unha importante oficina dedicada á emigración xudía, unha das responsables de Eichmann, e tras os cálculos internos elaboraron un plan masivo de emigración ou expulsión xudía: 110.000 xudeus austríacos abandonaron as súas terras en apenas un ano. Foi unha acción “exitosa” para o Partido Nazi e unha fama para Eichmann. Por tanto, en 1939 foi elixido como cargo da estratexia de “liberar a Alemaña dos xudeus”.

II. Enseguida estalou a Guerra Mundial e os nazis comezaron a complicar a situación para poder pór en marcha todos os plans contra os xudeus. A guerra comezou a endurecerse no Leste, coa intención de invadir a Unión Soviética, e non vían viable seguir cos plans de emigración e deportación. Así, en 1942, o Xefe da Oficina Central de Seguridade de Reich, Heydrich, convocou unha reunión urxente en Berlín, Wannseen, onde os altos cargos decidiron pasar á Solución Final. Eichaman estaba presente nesta reunión e a ela asignóuselle un dos grandes postos de responsabilidade.

Un seis millóns de xudeus foron asasinados polos nazis. Dous de cada tres xudeus que entón vivían en Europa.


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