Victors of slaves, sultans and crusades
- Cairo, 2 May 1250. Shajar Al-Durr was named Egyptian Sultan. She was not the first female Sultan; years earlier, in 1236, Razia took over as a Sultan from Delhi. But he was the first to become the highest authority of slavery.
We don't know her original name, when and where she was born. Some Muslim historians said he was Bedouin, Greek or Turkish, and some others spoke of his Armenian origin. We know that in the 1230s, the son of the Egyptian sultan As-Salih bought him as a slave and introduced him into his harema.
When Sultan Al-Kalim died in 1237, As-Salihe would not get power immediately. Egypt and Ladies were in the hands of their older brother and uncle, respectively, and left only Sali part of the desert. So As-Salih rose up against his relatives and in 1240 he got the title of Sultan Kairon. By then Shajar was Al-Durr's favorite, and that same year he had a son and they married. But Shajar was the second woman of the new Sultan, if she had older children and, therefore, the son of Shajar would have little chance of being. And the mother, of course, much less.
Despite power, the Sultan had many rivals both abroad and indoors, and in the name of stability he hired shadowy mercenaries. This would lead to an increase in tension and, among other things, a breakdown of his father’s peace with Christians. Thus, Louis IX of France decided to organize a seventh crusade. The goal would not be the Holy Land, but would first conquer the Nile Delta as a strategy to later reach the final destination.
Silently, signing orders and documents on behalf of her dead husband, Shajar Al-Durre organized a counterattack on Christians and did so perfectly.
In 1249, when the crusaders arrived on the Egyptian coast, As-Salih was in Damascus, trying to shut down the Syrian uprising. The Sultan was ill and died of tuberculosis in Cairo. But only a few nearby knew what happened and his wife Shajar decided not to report the death to anyone. It was intended to prevent the destabilisation of the Egyptians and the strengthening of Christians.
Silently, signing orders and documents on behalf of her dead husband, he organized a counterattack on Christians and did so perfectly. First in the city of Al Mansurah and then in the battle of Fariscal, Shajarre conquered the crusaders and made Louis IX himself prisoner. Then yes, he announced the death of the Sultan and, as planned, was named Sultan Turanshah, son of the first woman of As-Salhi. It lasted little in power: the blowers were dissatisfied with Turanshah’s early decisions, which took the Mamluks to give to their friends, and they were also aware of the ability to govern in Shajar. Turanshah was killed in 1250 and named Sultan Shajar Al-Durr.
He liberated Louis IX for a great rescue and began to put Egypt on the path of prosperity. But political and economic control in the hands did not get the approval of religious authority. The caliph of Baghdad rejected the appointment of the woman and the Sultan lasted only three months, at least in theory. She married Aybake, commander of the Mamluk shajar, her husband took the title of Sultan and in practice his wife ruled for another seven years.
She was Shajar Ayba's second wife. Again he would be his oldest son, not the one he would have with Shajarra. That's why Shajarre asked her to divorce her first woman to lose all her rights. Aybake ignored him and ordered Shajarre to secretly kill her husband. When her first wife, Umm Ali, discovered the conspiracy, risking her life and her son's, she brought the waiters together in her favor. Shajar went to Al-Dur's room and was beaten to death. They say that the body of a woman who was a slave and Sultan was thrown from a tower and deposited on the ground for three days under human and other scavenger animals. But he was finally buried in a beautiful mausoleum still standing near the mosque of Ibn-Tulun. Inside there is a mosaic of artists brought expressly from Constantinople, a tree decorated with mother-of-pearl, as Shajar Al-Durr means “pearl tree”.
A group of archaeologists from the University of Berkeley, California, USA. That is, men didn't launch the lances to hunt mammoths and other great mammals. That was the most widespread hypothesis so far, the technique we've seen in movies, video games ...
But the study, published... [+]
Zamora, late 10th century. On the banks of the Douro River and outside the city walls the church of Santiago de los Caballeros was built. The inside capitals of the church depict varied scenes with sexual content: an orgy, a naked woman holding the penis of a man… in the... [+]
Born 7 November 1924. A group of anarchists broke into Bera this morning to protest against the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and to begin the revolution in the Spanish state.
Last October, the composition of the Central Board was announced between the displaced from Spain... [+]
Washington (EE.UU. ), 1807. The US Constitution banned transatlantic slave trade. This does not mean that slavery has been abolished, but that the main source of the slaves has been interrupted. Thus, slave women became the only way to “produce” new slaves.
So in 1845, in... [+]
A group of interdisciplinary researchers from the Free University of Berlin and the Zuse Institute have developed a complex mathematical model to better understand how Romanization spread in North Africa.
According to a study published in the journal Plos One, the model has... [+]
Japan, 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States launched an atomic bomb causing tens of thousands of deaths in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; although there are no precise figures, the most cautious estimates indicate that at least 210,000 people died at the end of that year. But in... [+]
While working at a site in the Roman era of Normandy, several archaeology students have recently made a curious discovery: inside a clay pot they found a small glass jar, of which women used to bring perfume in the 19th century.
And inside the jar was a little papelite with a... [+]
Born 2 October 1968. A few months earlier, the student movement started on June 22 organized a rally in the Plaza de las Tres Cultura, in the Nonoalco-Tlatelolco unit of the city. The students gathered by the Mexican army and the paramilitary group Olympia Battalion were... [+]
A team of researchers led by the Japanese archaeologist Masato Sakai of the University of Yamagata has discovered numerous geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert (Peru). In total, 303 geoglyphs have been found, almost twice as many geoglyphs as previously known. To do so, researchers... [+]
Tijarafe (Canary Islands), mid-14th century. When the first Catholic monks came to the area of the island of La Palma, the Awares, the local Aborigines, saw that they worshipped the sun, the moon and the stars.
And this has been confirmed by the archaeological campaigns carried... [+]
On the northern coast of Peru, in the deposit of Diamarca, mochica culture (c. 330-H. C. 800) have found a trunk room. This culture is known for its impressive architecture, vast religious imaginary and colorful walls full of details.
The room found confirms these... [+]
Maule, 1892. Eight women from the Salazar Valley headed home from the capital of Zuberoa, but on the way, in Larrain, they were shocked by the snow and all were killed by the cold. Of the eight, seven names have come: Felicia Juanko, Felipce Landa, Dolores Arbe, Justa Larrea,... [+]
The University of Nottingham has changed its name to the Master in Studies on Anglo-Saxons and Vikings: Medieval Higher Studies of England. The Anglo-Saxon England Journal of the University of Cambridge had also been previously renamed: It's the Early Medieval England Journal... [+]
Born 2 April 1970. The newspaper New York Herald published a letter with activist and broker Victoria Woodhull (1838-1927), in which he realized his candidacy for the U.S. presidential elections of 1872. It is the youngest candidate in history, who would be 34 years old on the... [+]
Treviño, 6th century. A group of hermits began living in the caves of Las Gobas and excavated new caves in the gorge of the Laño River, occupied since prehistory. In the next century, the community began to use one of the caves as a necropolis. In the 9th century they left the... [+]