Mendigoixaleak: abertzale and mendizale
- Arrate (Eibar, Gipuzkoa) 3 April 1921. A large number of nationalists and mountaineers (18 groups from Bizkaia, 10 from Gipuzkoa and one from Álava), following the construction of the Kalamuan summit, met in Arrate, where the Basque Union Mendigoixale officially emerged.
On the occasion of the centenary, a few weeks ago Iñaki García Uribe, a researcher of the Basque mountaineering and a member of Aranzadi, explained at a conference organized by the Sabino Arana Foundation, the details of the peculiar group of mountaineers.
The WMS soon gained great strength. In the absence of concrete data from all territories, we know that 10 years after its creation, when the Bizkaia Mountain Board held its assembly in Betsaid, the Bizkaia section of the association consisted of 40 subgroups and more than 1,000 partners. The following year, Jagi-Jagi Magazine was created, promoted by the mountaineers, who distributed 20,000 weekly spins. That same year, in 1932, the first Aberri Eguna was held in Bilbao, in which nearly 5,000 members of the WMS were filmed in uniform.
Three years after the creation of the WMS, the Basque Mountain Federation was founded in May 1924 in Elgeta. But the fact that the BSE was founded before does not mean that Basque mountaineering was born alongside the mountaineers, who were the pioneers. The first chronicles on an organized group of Basque mountaineers date back to 1877, which they called Ganekogortoak. And when the federation was founded, three groups of Álava, 5 of Navarre, 30 of Gipuzkoa and 36 of Bizkaia, previously organized, met.
The mountain abertzales were not born suddenly at the birth of the WMS either; in 1908 we already know some mountain groups organized by the PNV that travelled neighborhoods and hamlets to spread the doctrine of Sabino Arana.
Political mountaineering and sports mountaineering were therefore being organised in parallel, but not mixed. The members of the WMS were not, technically, “mountaineers”, they did not have the high mountains to which they aspired and acted a few meters below, expanding nationalist ideas on excursions, distributing leaflets and magazines, organizing mitts… Political avatars also affected them: The internal divisions of the PNV also brought divisions between the mountains and the war gave a great beating to the association, to the point of extinguishing what had emerged a century ago.
Sabino Arana’s biographer, Ceferino Jemein Keperin (1887-1965), considered Sabino himself and his brother Luis as the first “hills”, despite Sabino’s death in 1903. And he defined the members of the BMS in two words: the mountaineers for nationalism. Because mountain was not an objective, but a political instrument.
Washington, D.C., June 17, 1930. The U.S. Congress passed the Tariff Act. It is also known as the Smoot-Hawley Act because it was promoted by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis Hawley.
The law raised import tax limits for about 900 products by 40% to 60% in order to... [+]
During the renovation of a sports field in the Simmering district of Vienna, a mass grave with 150 bodies was discovered in October 2024. They conclude that they were Roman legionnaires and A.D. They died around 100 years ago. Or rather, they were killed.
The bodies were buried... [+]
Until now we have believed that those in charge of copying books during the Middle Ages and before the printing press was opened were men, specifically monks of monasteries.
But a group of researchers from the University of Bergen, Norway, concludes that women also worked as... [+]
Florentzia, 1886. Carlo Collodi Le avventure de Pinocchio eleberri ezagunaren egileak zera idatzi zuen pizzari buruz: “Labean txigortutako ogi orea, gainean eskura dagoen edozer gauzaz egindako saltsa duena”. Pizza hark “zikinkeria konplexu tankera” zuela... [+]
Linear A is a Minoan script used 4,800-4,500 years ago. Recently, in the famous Knossos Palace in Crete, a special ivory object has been discovered, which was probably used as a ceremonial scepter. The object has two inscriptions; one on the handle is shorter and, like most of... [+]
Londres, 1944. Dorothy izeneko emakume bati argazkiak atera zizkioten Waterloo zubian soldatze lanak egiten ari zela. Dorothyri buruz izena beste daturik ez daukagu, baina duela hamar urte arte hori ere ez genekien. Argazki sorta 2015ean topatu zuen Christine Wall... [+]
Bilbo, 1954. Hiriko Alfer eta Gaizkileen Auzitegia homosexualen aurka jazartzen hasi zen, erregimen frankistak izen bereko legea (Ley de Vagos y Maleantes, 1933) espresuki horretarako egokitu ondoren. Frankismoak homosexualen aurka egiten zuen lehenago ere, eta 1970ean legea... [+]
Eskultura grekoerromatarrek bere garaian zuten itxurak ez du zerikusirik gaurkoarekin. Erabilitako materiala ez zuten bistan uzten. Orain badakigu kolore biziz margotzen zituztela eta jantziak eta apaingarriak ere eransten zizkietela. Bada, Cecilie Brøns Harvard... [+]
Japonia, XV. mendea. Espioitzan eta hilketa ezkutuetan espezializatutako eliteko talde militarra sortu zen. Edo horixe uste du behintzat Stephen Turnbull historialari britainiarrak. Beste aditu batzuen ustez, askoz lehenago sortu ziren ninjak, duela 2.300-2.500 urte inguru. Eta... [+]
Chão de Lamas-eko zilarrezko objektu sorta 1913an topatu zuten Coimbran (Portugal). Objektu horien artean zeltiar jatorriko zilarrezko bi ilargi zeuden. Bi ilargiak apaingarri hutsak zirela uste izan dute orain arte. Baina, berriki, adituek ilargietan egin zituzten motibo... [+]
Hertfordshire (Ingalaterra), 1543. Henrike VIII.a erregearen eta Ana Bolenaren alaba Elisabet hil omen zen Hatfield jauregian, 10 urte besterik ez zituela, sukarrak jota hainbat aste eman ondoren. Kat Ashley eta Thomas Parry zaintzaileek, izututa, irtenbide bitxia topatu omen... [+]
Luxorren, Erregeen Haranetik gertu, hilobi garrantzitsu baten sarrera eta pasabide nagusia aurkitu zituzten 2022an. Orain, alabastrozko objektu batean Tutmosis II.aren kartutxoa topatu dute (irudian). Horrek esan nahi du hilobi hori XVIII. dinastiako faraoiarena... [+]
AEB, 1900eko azaroaren 6a. William McKinley (1843-1901) bigarrenez aukeratu zuten AEBetako presidente. Berriki, Donald Trump ere bigarrenez presidente aukeratu ondoren, McKinleyrekiko miresmen garbia agertu du.
Horregatik, AEBetako mendirik altuenari ofizialki berriro... [+]
Urruña, 1750eko martxoaren 1a. Herriko hainbat emakumek kaleak hartu zituzten Frantziako Gobernuak ezarritako tabakoaren gaineko zergaren aurka protesta egiteko. Gobernuak matxinada itzaltzeko armada bidaltzea erabaki zuen, zehazki, Arloneko destakamentu bat. Militarrek... [+]
In the Maszycka cave in Poland, remains of 18,000 years ago were found at the end of the 19th century. But recently, human bones have been studied using new technologies and found clear signs of cannibalism.
This is not the first time that a study has reached this conclusion,... [+]