The Baztanga Revolt in Hernani
- Hernani (Gipuzkoa), April 1918. Faced with the appearance of several cases of smallpox in the vicinity of Lasarte and Hernani, the governor of Gipuzkoa ordered the adoption of several measures: Vaccinate the population of Lasarte, the jockeys of the racecourse and the staff of the corrals (the outbreak occurred around the racetracks) and transfer seven sick people from Lasarte to the House of Beneficence of Hernani, in the hope that they were better isolated there.
The disease was known in Hernani, and the measure triggered fear in the locality. The City Council asked the governor and other presidents to suspend the transfer of the sick, but it was in vain. With the official shortcuts exhausted, on the 2nd day, the neighbors filled the roads between Lasarte and Hernani with barricades and confronted the civil guards in the Zinkoenea area. “With carriages, barrels, tables and other artifacts the road of the streets and the road of San Sebastian was closed,” El Diario Vasco said the following day. They were even about to burn the House of Beneficence.
But the rebels got the goal, they returned to get the sick back to Lasarte and the Hernaniarras celebrated the news with a popular meal on the Ezkiaga walk. During that meal a village bertsolari went up to the table and, sitting on the bench, threw 24 verses that he himself had put, in a detailed detail of what happened. This bertsolari was Matea Joxepa Zubeldia Elizegi (1867-1947).
Stitxu Eizagirre told us in the book Bertsoaren haria Hernanin (2014) the existence of this young bertsolari. And that woman, Joxepa Zubeldia, realized the main protagonists of the baztanga revolt: women. The press suggested their participation by saying that behind the barricades “women and children were placed”, but the verses of Zubeldia describe the true shadow that women hernaniards
had in these events:
Many women
took us to
the road and
as we
got closer, the senior
civil servant told
us that they could take us home so that the blood would run out.
Mikela ta
Axentxi strong partner!
Ayek followed
the
Nuns and the young
Nexkatx
and Andriak very rich and poor ladies.
We got
our hands on the work
without
lunch
that my
husband had left
us, without lunch, and with oil we burned the hospital with yoke water.
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