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"Today in Poland there are only Poles, according to some"

  • In 1989, linguist Tomasz Wicherkiewicz visited the town of Wymysoü, in south-west Poland, where some Germanic language was spoken. The town of 3,000 inhabitants was an island of languages. Today, there are only 50 Wymysoüés speakers. Tymoteusz “Tymek” Król (Wymysoü, 1993) is one of the youngest speakers and one of the main actors.
Tymoteusz Król-en gurasoek ez zekiten wymysoüera hitz egiten, baina amonak eta zaintzaileak bai. Wymysoüera lehen hizkuntza duen herriko gazteena da. Argazkia: Tymoteusz Król-ek utzia.
Tymoteusz Król-en gurasoek ez zekiten wymysoüera hitz egiten, baina amonak eta zaintzaileak bai. Wymysoüera lehen hizkuntza duen herriko gazteena da. Argazkia: Tymoteusz Król-ek utzia.

Tymoteusz Król is conducting a doctoral thesis at the University of Warsaw on the Wymysoüe. We have spoken to him after giving a language class to several members of the University: he is marked by passion, and he bears with naturalness and illusion the responsibility of his language.

In today’s school you have been translating the Mr and Mrs Smith play into the wymysoüe, you have a close relationship with the theater. Why?

Our relationship with theatre has to do more than anything with linguistic ideologies. In the community, our language was seen as the opposite of modern things, and so, I proposed to represent the Little Prince in wymysoül, and so we did in 2014. Here is a story of our people. An adaptation of the Hobbit book in 2015, and since then we have continued to do so. We alternately represent the culture of the world and our natural heritage in order to maintain balance and to underline the value and current status of our language.

Last day you played at the Polish Theatre, singing theatre, traditional dances and songs from your people and from all over the world. Why that mix?

As we have said, we try to present every year, if possible, a theatre session in our language on International Mother Tongue Day (21 February). When we presented Hobbit we had a great welcome, even outside the village, and since then the Liberal Arts Department at the University of Warsaw and the Polish Theatre have collaborated with us. As for the dance performance, it is the one that most speakers congregate in the locality and has the capacity to attract many citizens who are not wymysoüera speakers. Our hope is that they will move from the dance group to the language classes.

The following day they appeared in the national newspapers in Poland. What do you feel when you see it?

In fact, this article had nothing to do with the issue, but it was a report published in September with a considerable delay. In September, we had two important events. On the one hand, the International Congress of Linguistic Revitalization held in our country helped Wymysou citizenship realize the value of our language and greatly increase its self-esteem. On the other hand, the Minority Commission of the Polish Parliament was set up, and it became clear that the Government has no interest in minorities being maintained and maintained dignified. Moreover, if it were for him we would all speak in Polish. For the Polish nationalists, what is different is a threat, something bad that needs to be eliminated.

Fortunately, it seems that little by little the ideologies of the small Poles are being relaxed and more and more people will be betting on a multilingual Poland.

What is the Polish view of regional languages like?

The worst thing you can imagine, I can assure you. The Kazcinsky Party [the leader of the PiS in power, Kazcinsky] is very nationalistic and gives no money to help us, the few subsidies that were there have been withdrawn, insulting messages are being disseminated to us... The opposition is in favour, partly because the languages of Poland are small and we are not ‘dangerous’.

Are you working on the revitalization of the language only citizenship or do you have the help of an institution?

The Wilamowiane Association is the most important agent, but in recent years we have been joined by local authorities, the group of dances, the aforementioned Department of Liberal Arts and the Department of Ethnology and Anthropology of the University of Warsaw, although the latter shows more interest in our clothing than in language.

Burial of one of the last talking wymysoües. Photo given by Tymoteusz Krugo.

You are the youngest speaker of that language.

No, no! I am the youngest of Wymysoüer’s first language speakers, three younger friends who then learn and speak fluently.

And how did he receive the language?

Grandma taught me this, because she had a special relationship with him. He died two years ago. My parents didn't know how to speak and I was speaking to the citizenry to practice it, besides my grandmother and my caregiver. I kept the language one way or another until when I was 18 years old, after a hard effort, I made a big leap.

You and three more have avoided total rupture. Do you feel the responsibility?

Of course, responsibility is noted if you knew what I have worked. I'd like to be a biologist in a normal situation and live in the Amazon, calmly. I get pressure from many places and in many ways. As a curiosity, expert Tomasz Wicherkiewicz, while we were traveling, saw me in McDonald’s row, waiting for me to ask for food, and: “Tym! “Don’t eat burgers, as you’re the last wymysoüle speaker!” he told me. But I ate a hamburger.

You also speak in another minority language in Central Europe, because you're a Silesian speaker. How would you define your linguistic identity?

My other three grandparents were of Silesian origin, and my mother has educated me in Silesian. First, I am from Wymysoüt, without any doubt, after Silesia, after Austria, and finally, from Germany. Imagine that ‘Tours’ Warsaw is the fourth furthest capital of Wymysoüt, as Bratislava, Vienna and Budapest, respectively, are closer. The cartoons we saw in our house on Czech television, we are friendly and without problems with the citizens of the surrounding countries in Wymysoüés or Silesiano. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire there were many nations together and in that plurality I would like to live, but in the present Poland there are only some who consider it Polish.

They say they come from the flamingos.

Apparently, in the 13th century there was a violent epidemic in Flanders and my ancestors settled here to escape the diseases. If we are not mistaken, we use a relative of the language of those flamingos.

We don't have much to do with our origin, but some flamingos come to visit us and a few years ago a local TV made a report in our village. In any case, and for you to know what history is like, at the end of the Second World War the Poles came here to live and some of our compatriots were expelled or killed. Today we live alongside the children of these Poles and what has been done is seen as ideologically legitimate, because we are ‘Germans’. Or imagine what's going on with Silesia, it's always been independent, or part of Austria or Czechoslovakia. Poland has been a member of Poland for more than 60 years and Poland has not recognised any distinction and personality. What is Polish nationalism like!


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