Challenges of immigration: from integration to diversity
In the last 20 years there has been an increase in people of foreign origin in our peoples, mainly in the 1990s. In these years, the main challenges have been those related to the “reception” and the character of aliens. At the moment, however, the arrival of immigrants is low and the majority has been in existence for years, so concerns are placed at another level, in the field of integration.
If we are talking about integration, two are the main pillars: employment and education. With regard to the first, the importance of employment in integration is evident, both for the indigenous population and for the immigrant population. In this respect, the crisis has hit the latter hard and many have lost jobs in recent years. This has been noted more among people of African origin.
Therefore, employment is important, but we cannot forget their children, some very young and others born here, and therefore not immigrants, for whom the school and the educational system play a fundamental role as a lever for integration and social mobility, especially for those who are in middle and lower areas of society.
In other words, the integration item is being played in these two areas. Immigrants must have a job and their children must have a better job through education, ensuring the bus for the former – horizontal – and the lift for the latter – vertical –. If we were to achieve this equation, at least in some cases, we would take great steps in this integration challenge. However, if we fail to do so, the integration of the sons and daughters of immigrants will be in danger – it cannot be forgotten that their expectations will be very different – and we have very close to the negative consequences that such scenarios can have – we only have to look upwards on the map.
It seems to me that when we talk about sons and daughters, we have to talk about the third phase, the “management of diversity”. We have moved from welcoming to integration, and in the medium term, we will move from integration to diversity. In the coming decades, we will have few immigrants, but many of those born here will have another culture and religion, diversity will be broader than ever and that will bring new challenges. We will have to be prepared to take care of them, among all. The public policies currently being implemented will have much to say, especially in the field of education, both to promote the integration of immigrants and for the proper and rational management of diversity.
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