Death was wrong
When ETA left armed activity in 2011, very broad sections of Basque society thought that a peace process would then be opened. It was going to cost a lot, it wasn't going to be like other times in the past, but it would come in a reasonable time. And as a result, the State would also partly dispense with repression. Macro-trial and incarceration would be inactivated, freed sick prisoners, brought others closer, speeded up penitentiary policy… But not much less. Pp has chosen to continue revenge and political use of the conflict.
ETA dropped out of arms and EH Bildu received the prize in the 2011 elections. Many actors were frightened by the results, from pp to PNV. The reward to those who were already ruined and half sunk? The PP was clear about what to do, what it has done so far: to hinder and leave a fat stone in the backpack of Basque society, which has not been able to get rid of.
What about the PNV? That triumph of EH Bildu opened a hegemony in the heart of nationalism, and on that road the PNV thought it would be risky to wager on a real peace process from the Abertzale left. What if that, as in Northern Ireland, is a change of leadership in nationalism?
Being the obstructive attitude of pp, the only way to deactivate the polemic of pp is to firmly activate Basque society in favor of the peace process. But that is not the case and we continue with the burden. For this to be the case, it was necessary – and it is – the mutual understanding between EH Bildu and the PNV, but the hegemonic conflict between the two has not facilitated this position.
The Abertzale sovereign left, as it could not be otherwise, has the burden of prisoners and fled from the beginning of the process and this generates tension in their actions. What is the focus on, on political hegemony and on the sovereign path or on the path of conflict? Or should they be reconciled, with what strategy and with what allies? In addition, how do you relate them to day-to-day management, even more so when it is in power in various institutions?
The peace process is blocked, with little potential. Key actors cannot agree on what should be based on: Focusing on the repression of the PP, the PSE and the PNV have placed as a condition to advance the ethical floor and the left Abertzale cannot pull alone, among other things because it cannot accept that ethical soil – the murder was wrong – as such.
Of course, death was wrong. And death is wrong. How can you defend the opposite in a retrospective look? But the complexity of that phrase is much deeper than that and makes it difficult to make it a condition in the peace process. And a mirror to power relations. Neither in Algiers, nor in Lizarra Garazi, nor in the peace sessions organized by Elkarri or Lokarri, nor in Loiola or Aiete, nor in any other attempt has it been made a condition that the Abertzale left recognizes what “killing was wrong”. And at that time the PNV and the PSOE thought almost in the same way about the nature and past of ETA's violence, but ETA had another force, both military and political. That was the determining factor. Peace processes were carried out based on the ethical soils of the present and the future – it will no longer die – and on the ethical soil of the past.
If the solution to the conflict is the end of ETA, it is, there is not much more to say, as we were well reminded of the week pasada.ETA, that it no longer kills, that Basque society continues to live, that it forgets the prisoners, the big trials, the arrests and the violence of the state.
But if it is recognized that this conflict has political roots, it is clear that the current exit model is very weak, that the wound will close badly, that the suffering will continue and that there will be no effective seeds for future coexistence.
Killing is wrong, but if a 50-year conflict has only to be based on ETA’s analysis of violence, that is neither true, fair nor effective. State violence, which is legal and not legal, has also been there. Political violence of various kinds and conditions has been confronted here, and if it is not accepted, it is difficult to build an effective peace process. Talking about it can even be painful, but essential to build the right future ethical ground.
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