Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Eguzki Erregeak piztu zuen Argiaren Hiria

Ezkerrean, Luis XIV.a Frantziakoa; hark eman zuen Parisko kaleak lehenengoz argiztatzeko agindua.
Ezkerrean, Luis XIV.a Frantziakoa; hark eman zuen Parisko kaleak lehenengoz argiztatzeko agindua.Hyacinthe Rigaud

Paris (Frantzia), 1665. Luis XIV.a errege ahalguztidunak, Parisko kale ilunetako arriskuez nazkatuta, argiztatze publiko zerbitzu bat sortzeko agindu zuen. Hala, Lastargi eta Argiontzi Eramaileen Zentroa fundatu zuen. Eramaileak hiriko gune nagusietan egon ohi ziren, 300 pausoko tarteetan kokatuta, oinezkoak etxeraino laguntzeko prest. Hiru solen truke, hamabost minutuz ematen zieten argia, eta zalgurdia erabiltzen zutenek gehixeago ordaindu behar zuten, bost sol, eramailea karrozara igo zedin.     

Diotenez, Eguzki Erregeak ez zituen soilik menpekoak izan gogoan eta bere buruaren mesedetan ere hartu zuen erabakia; Frantziako –eta Nafarroako– monarka gonazale eta alkoholzale amorratua omen zen, eta ederki jakingo zuen gauez putetxeetatik mozkortuta irtetean eskertzekoa zela norbaitek kale galbidetsuak argiztatzea.     

Zerbitzuak berehalako arrakasta izan zuenez, Luis XIV.ak argiztatze sistema finkoa jartzeko ardura eman zion Nicholas Gabriel de La Reynieri. La Reynie Parisko poliziako lehen lotinant jenerala izan zen, eta lehen polizia gorputz modernoaren sortzailetzat jotzen da.     

1667ko irailaren 2an 2.736 kaleargi piztu zituzten, karrika eta etorbide bakoitzeko bizpahiru: bat, kalearen erdialdean eta beste bi, kantoietan. Urte gutxian argi kopurua 5.000ra iritsi zen. Zerbitzuak, herritarrei mesede egiteaz gain, eragozpenen bat ere eragin zien. Batetik, herritarrek iluntzero argiak piztu eta goizaldero, ordu bietan, itzali behar zituzten, urritik martxora bitartean. Kedarrak kaleargien kristala zikintzen zuenean ere, haiek garbitu behar zuten. Gainera, zerbitzuaren mantentze-lanak zerga bidez finantzatzen ziren, hau da, herritarrek, argiaren truke, Taxe des Boues et Lanternes delakoa –lokatzen eta linternen gaineko zerga– ordaindu behar zuten. Sistemak oso oinarrizkoa, deserosoa eta garestia dirudi gaurko begietatik ikusita, baina kontuan izan behar da beste bi mende joango zirela argiztatze elektrikoa sortu baino lehen; kaleargi elektrikoz argiztatutako lehen hiria Wabash (Indiana, AEB) izan zen, 1880ko martxoaren 31n.     

Argiak saltokiei mesede handia egin zien, eta hiriko merkataritza-jarduera bikoiztu egin zen, hainbat iturriren arabera. Bisitariak ere txundituta utzi zituen, “Parisen gauez eguerdian bezainbeste argi dago” esateraino.     

Zenbaitentzat, Luis XIV.aren oinordekoei lepoa moztu zien iraultzak Antzinako Erregimenaren iluntasuna eten zuelako merezi du hiriak goitizena. Beste batzuek artean eta kulturan nabarmendu izanari leporatzen diote. Baina literalki, argiztatze publikoa jartzen lehena izan zelako esaten zaio Parisi Argiaren Hiria. 


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