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Uztailaren 4a, AEBen Independentzia Egun atzeratua

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Filadelfia (AEB), 1776ko uztailaren 4a. Hamahiru Koloniek Britainiar Inperioarekiko independentzia deklarazioa sinatu zuten, ustez. Eta uste horretan oinarrituta, urtero, uztailaren 4an, estatubatuarrek Independentzia Eguna ospatzen dute, su festen, beisbol partiden, desfileen eta bestelako ekitaldien bidez.

Berez, bi egun lehenago, 1776ko uztailaren 2an bildu ziren Hamahiru Kolonietako ordezkariak Filadelfiako Bigarren Biltzar Kontinentalean. Eta Virginiako Richard Henry Lee ordezkariaren eskariz, independentziaren aldeko erabakia jasotzen zuen dokumentua onartzea bozkatu zuten. Hamabi ordezkarik aldeko bozka eman zuten, New York soilik abstenitu zen eta, hala, ia aho bateko babesaz onartu zen lehen testu hura. 

Egun horretan bertan gerora AEBetako bigarren presidente izango zen John Adamsek emozioz beteriko gutuna idatzi zion Abigail emazteari. 1776ko uztailaren 2a “Amerikaren historiako egunik gogoangarriena” izango zela esan zion, eta “askapen eguna kontinente osoan hotsandiko desfile, jaialdi eta ikuskizunen bidez” ospatuko zela.

Handik bi egunera, uztailaren 4an, Filadelfiako Biltzarra berriro bildu zen Independentzia Deklarazioaren behin betiko dokumentua onartzeko. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin eta John Adamsek idatzitako testua 56 ordezkarik berretsi behar zuten. Baina ordurako gehienak hiritik joanak ziren, bi egun lehenago erabakitakoaren berri nork bere kolonian lehenbailehen ematera. Ordezkari kopurua handia zen, eta XVIII. mendeko azken laurdeneko garraio azpiegiturak, berriz, kaxkarrak. Sinadura guztiak batera lortzea zaila izango zen. Sinadura gehienak ez zituzten abuztuaren 2ra arte bilduko, eta orduan ere, gutxi batzuk falta ziren oraindik. Sinatzen ez bazuten zigortuko zituztela ohartarazi ondoren, urtea amaitu baino lehen doi-doi lortu zuten Deklarazioa osatzea.

Uztailaren 4an ordezkari guztiak bertan ez zeudenez, historialari eta aditu askok era guztietara eskatu izan dute Independentziaren Eguneko ospakizunak uztailaren 4tik 2ra aurreratzea, John Adamsek berak iradoki bezala. Baina ordezkari politikoek behin eta berriro baztertu dute aukera hori, data sinbolikoa estatubatuarrengan oso errotuta dagoela argudiatuz, sinboloak egiak baino indar handiagoa lortu duela onartuz. 


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