Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Alergia eta intolerantzia, nola bereizi?

Elikagai jakin bat hartu ondoren beti urdaileko molestiak agertzen badira, intolerantzia egon daitekeela susmatu beharko dugu.
Elikagai jakin bat hartu ondoren beti urdaileko molestiak agertzen badira, intolerantzia egon daitekeela susmatu beharko dugu.

Jan ondoren urdaileko molestiak edo ezpainak “puztuta” sentitzen badituzu, litekeena da zure gorputzak janariren bat errefusatzea. Horren arrazoia ahalik eta lasterren jakitea komeni zaizu.

Ez dakigu oso ondo zergatik, baina azken urteotan gero eta pertsona gehiagok jotzen dute medikuarengana zerbait jan ondoren kontrako erreakzioren bat jasan dutelako. Gehienek alergikoak direla uste dute, baina askotan intolerantzia edo jasanezintasuna besterik ez dute. Horregatik, batzuen eta besteen arteko desberdintasunak argi izatea komeni da: alergiak sistema immunitarioaren erreakzio bat eragiten du janari horren kontra; intolerantziak, berriz, alterazio metabolikoak eragiten ditu, janarietako zenbait elikagairen digestioa, asimilazioa eta aprobetxamendua ezinezko bihurtzen dutenak.

Sintoma diferenteak

Kasu batzuetan alergiak eta intolerantziak bereiztea eta diagnostikatzea zaila izan daitekeen arren, eragindako sintomei erreparatzea izaten da bi trastorno horien artean bereizteko modurik errazena:

Intolerantzietan, zalantzazko janariaren eta horrek eragiten dituen efektuen arteko erlazioa ez da beti argia izaten, baina elikagai jakin bat hartu ondoren beti urdaileko molestiak (digestio pisuak eta nekezak, bihotzerrea), gasak edo haizeak, sabel puztua edo hesteetako alterazioak (beherakoak edo idorreria larria) agertzen badira, intolerantzia egon daitekeela susmatu beharko dugu. Batzuetan, intolerantziak nekea ere eragin dezake, eta pertsonak pisua galdu nahi duen arren, ahalegin hori ezinezko bihurtuko da behin baino gehiagotan. Intolerantziarik ezagunenak eta usuenak hauek dira: glutenarena (horren ondorioz sortzen den gaixotasunari zeliakia esaten zaio), laktosarena (pertsonak ez du jasaten esnean dagoen azukrea), eta fruktosarena (fruituetan dagoen azukrea).

Janari-alergietan agertzen diren sintomak apur bat diferenteak dira: ezpainak puztu egiten dira, baita aurpegia edo eztarria ere, gorriuneak agertzen dira larruazalean, akne moduko pikorrak, arnas molestiak (eztula, doministikuak, arnasteko zailtasuna...). Alergia intolerantzia baino larriagoa izan daiteke, eta horregatik, hura eragiten digun janaria identifikatu ondoren, alergenoaren kontsumoa uztea da irtenbiderik onena, aldi berean janari horren faltak ekar ditzakeen nutrizio-gabeziak kontrolatuz. Medikuak emango dizkigu beti jan-neurria orekatzeko jarraibide egokiak.

Zer egin daiteke?

Molestien jatorria argitzeko, probarik usuena eta eraginkorrena odol-analisia da, baina zenbaitetan medikuak proba alergikoak egitea erabaki dezake: bizkarrean edo besoan partxe moduko batzuk jartzen zaizkio gaixoari, edo elikagai “susmagarria” ematen zaio, behar bezalako kontrol medikuarekin noski.

Nolanahi ere, gaixoak espezialistaren lana erraztuko duten neurriak har ditzake: molestiak jasan baino lehenago zer jan duen edo molestia horiek zer ordutan agertzen diren idaztea ideia ona izan daiteke.

Bestetik, janari batek mesede baino kalte gehiago eragiten dizun susmoa baduzu, elikadura aldatzea komeni da, sintomen eta janari zehatz horren arteko erlazioa benetan existitzen den ikusteko. Informazio horrekin espezialistarentzat askoz ere errazagoa izango da diagnostikoa eta jarraipena egitea.


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