Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

‘Parallax’ edo hitzontzikeriaren garaipena

1893an Orlando Fergusonek Lurreko mapa hau marraztu zuen, Parallax hitzontziaren teoria zentzugabeetan oinarrituta. Egun AEBetako Kongresuko liburutegian dago ikusgai.
1893an Orlando Fergusonek Lurreko mapa hau marraztu zuen, Parallax hitzontziaren teoria zentzugabeetan oinarrituta. Egun AEBetako Kongresuko liburutegian dago ikusgai.

Ingalaterra, 1849. Samuel Birley Rowbotham (1816–1884) asmatzaile eta idazleak Zetetic Astronomy: Earth Not a Globe (Astronomia Zetetikoa: Lurra ez da globoa) izenburuko lana argitaratu zuen Parallax izenordez. Hasieran hamasei orrialdeko panfletoa besterik ez zena 200 orrialdera iritsi zen hamabost urte geroago, eta 1881eko azken bertsioak 430 orrialde ditu. Izenburuak dioen moduan, Rowbothamek, berak asmatutako metoda erabiliz –astronomia zetetikoa–, Lurra laua zela ondorioztatu zuen.

Parallax-en arabera, kontinenteek ozeanoan flotatzen dute, ozeanoa elurrezko eta izotzezko basamortu batek inguratzen du eta desertu izoztuaren atzean labar eskergetan amaitzen da Lurra. Lurrazalaren azpiko suari esker existitzen dira kontinenteak eta ozeano urtua. Baina su hori ez da nahikoa, nonbait, Lurraren erdian dagoen Ipar Poloaren inguruko izotzak urtzeko.

Betiere haren teoriei jarraiki, Eguzkia, Ilargia eta izarrak guregandik kilometro gutxira daude. Eguzkiak Ipar Poloaren inguruan egiten du bira, beti abiadura berdinean eta Ilargiak, lanpara bailitzan, berezko dirdira du eta erdi gardena da. Eta eklipseak? Eklipseek, Rowbothamen arabera, bazuten azalpena; kontua zen berak oraindik ez zuela aurkitu. Eta bestela, Bibliara ere jo zezakeen bere teorietarako. Finean, Bibliak azaltzen zuen Lurraren osaera: goian zerua eta behean Infernuko sua. Orduan, Infernuko suak ozeanoa urtu eta lehorreko bizitza  ahalbidetu badu, ez da hain txarra izango... Parallax-en teoriek, jakina, ez zuten ez bururik ez buztanik, eta ordurako Lurra esferikoa dela aspaldi egiaztatuta zegoen. Baina Rowbothamek ez zuen hori traba izan hogei urtez ia Ingalaterra osoa ibiltzeko bere teoriak eztabaida publikoetan defendatzen. Eta eztabaida gehienak irabazten zituen, gainera.

1864ko egun batez Plymoutheko hondartzan agertu zen, Richard Proctor astronomoak jotako desafioari erantzunez. Parallax-en aurkariek zioten hondartzan ipinitako teleskopiotik hamalau miliara dagoen Eddystone itsasargiaren linterna soilik ikusiko zela, nahiz eta apur bat gorago dagoen muinotik itsasargi osoa ikusten den. Baina egun hartan linterna erdia besterik ez zen ikusten, airearen errefrakzioa ohi baino txikiagoa zelako. Edonola argi zegoen lurrazala ez dela laua, baina Parallax-ek sutsu aldarrikatu zuen espero zenarekiko desberdintasun hura bere aurkariek ziotenaren kontrako froga zela. Bertaratutako asko konbentzitu zituen.

Erretorikan trebea zen Parallax, baina aurkarien gainetik gailentzen zen ahots ozena zuen aliatu nagusi. Sinesteko gogoz zegoen publikoa ere bai. Egun hain ohikoa den hitzontzi ozenen arrakasta ez zen haren oinordetzan utzitako gauza bakarra izan. Flat Earth Society (Lur Lauaren Elkartea) sortu zuen hil baino lehen; zientziaren aurkako korronteen haztegi ezin hobea den AEBetan elkartea bizirik dago oraindik, eta milaka jarraitzaile ditu.


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