Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Manuela Saenz Aizpuru, Askatzailearen Askatzaile

Manuela Saenz Aizpuru (1797-1856) Simon Bolivarren bikotekide eta borrokakide izan zen zortzi urtez.
Manuela Saenz Aizpuru (1797-1856) Simon Bolivarren bikotekide eta borrokakide izan zen zortzi urtez.

Quito, 1822ko ekainaren 16a. Simon Bolivar, Hego Amerikaren Askatzailea, garaile sartu zen Ekuadorreko hirian. Jendetzaren artetik, neska gazte batek arrosazko eta ereinotzezko koroa bota zion eta jaurtiketa ederki doitu zuen, Bolivarren besoetara iritsi baitzen lore-sorta. Bolivarrek eta Manuela Saenz Aizpuruk topo egin zuten lehen aldia izan zen hura. Bigarren aldian, Askatzaileak, lehen elkartze hura gogoan, zera esan omen zion Manuelari: “Anderea, nire soldaduek zuk duzun tiro trebetasuna balute, dagoeneko Espainiari gerra irabaziko genion”. Handik aurrera eta Bolivar hil artean (1830), Manuela haren bikotekide izango zen, gerran nahiz amodioan.

Manuelaren aita, Simon Saenz Vergara burgostarra, Juana Maria del Campo Larraondo jatorri bizkaitarreko oinordeko aberatsarekin ezkondu zen 1781ean. Urte batzuk geroago Joaquina de Aizpuru kreolearekin maitasun-harreman bat izan zuen eta horren ondorioz, 1797an Manuela Saenz Aizpuru jaio zen Quiton. Ama erditzean hil omen zitzaion; beste iturri batzuen arabera, haurrak bi urte zituenean hil zen. Amaordeak sasikoa zelako baztertuta, Quitoko Santa Katalina komentuan hartu zuten.

17 urte zituela komentutik ihes egin zuen, baina gertakariaz ezer gutxi dakigu eta Manuela bera ere ez zuen gertatutakoari buruzko xehetasunak emateko zale; dirudienez, Fausto D’Elhuyarrek –Juan Jose Elhuyarren iloba eta Fausto Elhuyarren semea– seduzitu eta berehala bazterrera utzi zuen neskatoa. 1817an, 20 urte zituela, James Thorne mediku ingeles dirudunarekin ezkondu zen, aurrez aitak hala itunduta zeukalako. Baina horrek ez zuen geldiarazi Bolivarrekin batera borrokara joateko orduan.

1828ko irailaren 25ean Bolivarren etsaiak San Karlos jauregira (Santa Fe de Bogotá, Kolonbia) hurbildu ziren, buruzagia hiltzeko helburuarekin. Manuela haien asmoez jabetu zen eta erasotzaileak entretenitzea lortu zuen. Bolivarri leihotik ihes egiteko aukera eman eta, hala, bizia salbatu zion. Horregatik La Libertadora del Libertador (Askatzailearen Askatzailea) ezizena  ipini zioten. Baina horrek ez du esan nahi Manuelak  merezitako onarpena jaso zuenik. Alderantziz. San Karlos jauregian plaka bat ipini zuten gertakariaren oroimenez, baina idazkunean Manuelaren izena ez da aipatu ere egiten. Historialari batzuek Bolivarren itzaleko osagarri erromantiko huts gisa deskribatu dute. Beste batzuek elezahar sexual iluna sortu dute haren inguruan, Manuelaren jarrera ireki, aurrerakoi eta probokatzaileak gaitzituta. Baina azken hamarkadetako errebisionismoari esker, Saenz Aizpuruk independentziaren heroi gisa jokatutako rola azpimarratzen duten lanak argitaratu dira, eta Hego Amerikako feminismoaren aitzindaritzat ere jotzen dute.

Bolivar hil eta gero, Manuelak tabakoa saltzen, baleontzientzat idazkiak ingelesera itzultzen eta enkarguzko brodatuak eta gozokiak eginez lortu zuen bizibidea, 1856ko azaroaren 23an difteriak jota hil zen arte.


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