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Tasmaniako aborijena bost libratan


24 September 2014
Azken lau tasmaniarrak 1850eko hamarkadan. Eskuinean eserita dagoena Truganini da, hiltzen azkena (1876). XIX. mendearen hasieran 5.000 aborijen inguru bizi ziren uhartean, baina gobernu britainiarrak baimendutako giza ehizaren ondoren desagertu 
egin zi
Azken lau tasmaniarrak 1850eko hamarkadan. Eskuinean eserita dagoena Truganini da, hiltzen azkena (1876). XIX. mendearen hasieran 5.000 aborijen inguru bizi ziren uhartean, baina gobernu britainiarrak baimendutako giza ehizaren ondoren desagertu egin ziren.

Ozeania, 1642. Abel Tasman Jansen nabigatzaile holandarrak uharte bat aurkitu zuen Australiako kostaldetik 240 kilometrora. Bertako biztanleak azal iluneko eta ile kizkurreko gizon-emakume txiki eta argalak ziren (gizonezkoek 1,60 m neurtzen zuten batez beste, eta emakumeek 1,48). Ehiza eta bilketa zituzten bizibide. Hasieran Van Diemenen Lurra esan zioten irlari, Anthony Van Diemen garai hartako Ekialdeko Indietako Holandar Konpainiaren gobernadore orokorraren omenez. Baina 1855etik aurrera aurkitzailearen izena jarri zioten: Tasmania.

Holandarren ondoren, frantsesak eta britainiarrak iritsi ziren uhartera, eta bertakoak esklabo egiten hasi ziren. 1803an britainiarrek presondegi kolonia bat ezarri zuten bertan eta, kondenatuez gain, lur eremuak lortzeko eskrupulurik ez zuten kolonoak iristen hasi ziren. Kolonoek ez zituzten aborijenen ehiza eremuak errespetatzen eta liskarrak berehala piztu ziren armada britainiarraren babesa zuten iritsi berrien eta beren burua defendatzeko ezer gutxi zuten tasmaniarren artean. Europarrek egindako hilketa, bortxaketa, bahiketa eta bestelako gehiegikeriek ez zuten zigorrik. Eta, hala ere, tasmaniarrak beren burua defendatzen ahalegindu ziren, suzko armen kontra harriek eta lantzek inolako aukerarik izan ez arren.

1826an, Colonial Times and Tasmanian Advertiser astekariak autodefentsa erabili zuen aitzakiatzat kolonoen jarrera zuritzeko: “Ez gaude hemen lan filantropikoa egiteko. Autodefentsa naturaren lehen legea da. Gobernuak bertakoak kanporatzen ez baditu, basapiztiak bailiran ehizatuko ditugu”.

Gobernu britainiarrak tasmaniarrak beste uharte batera aldatzea pentsatu zuen, baina azkenean aldizkariaren iradokizunak irtenbide azkarragoa ekarriko zuela erabaki zuen. Hala, 1828an aborijenen ehiza baimendu zuten. Baimendu eta akuilatu, ehizaki bakoitzak ordainsaria baitzuen: helduak bost libratan ordaintzen ziren; haurrak, bitan. 1803an 5.000 aborijen inguru bizi ziren irlan; 1830ean 200 bat geratzen ziren.

1860an azken gizonezko tasmaniarra hil zen. Royal Society of Tasmania elkarteko kide George Stokellek gorpua larrutzeko agindua eman zuen, oroigarri gisa larruarekin zorro bat egiteko. Azken emakume tasmaniarra, Truganini, 1876an hil zen. Genozidioa burutua zen.


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