Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Ezkurra

Artearen (Quercus ilex) ezkurrak.
Artearen (Quercus ilex) ezkurrak.

Ezkurra ala ezkurra da lehena? Horra paradoxa. Albaitariak eta arrautzazaleak beste upel bateko sagardotan ibiltzen dira: “Oiloa ala arrautza da lehena?”. Geurea landareak, eta ezkurrari heldu behar. Zein da, bada, lehena, ezkurra ala ezkurra?

Ezkurra Quercus generoko zuhaitzen fruitua da. Hemen ezagunenak: abaritza (Quercus coccifera), artea (Q. ilex), ametza (Q. pyrenaica), ametz ilaunduna (Q. pubescens), erkametza (Q. faginea), artelatza edo arkamurka (Q. suber), haritz kandugabea (Q. petraea), haritz kanduduna (Q. robur), norteko haritza edo haritz amerikarra (Q. rubra) eta berauen arteko hibrido ugariak, Quercus jende horretako espezieak, genero gutxitan bezala, elkarren artean nahastu eta hibrido berriak sortu zaleak baitira. Makina bat buruhauste eragiten diete botanikariei. Zenbait tokitan pagatxari, pagaziari, pagahurrari, pagoaren (Fagus sylvatica) fruituari, ere “ezkurra” deitzen zaio, “pago ezkurra”.

Ezkurra zuhaitza ere bada. Zuhaitza esateko era ugariren artean berezienetako bat: ezkurra. Azkuek adiera hori jasotzen duen esaera pare bat bildu zuen: “Zozpolak dirudi bere egurra eta egurrak ezkurra” (“ezpala egurretik eta egurra zuhaitzetik”) eta “Ezkur berereango zia” (“zuhaitzetik ziria”; “zuretik ezpala” esaeraren tankeran).

“Ezkur berereango zia” esaeran “zia” hitza “ziria” bezala interpretatzen dute (R.M. Azkuek berak, René Lafonek..). Bizkaieraz agian hala da; baina, ez ote da ekialdeko “zia”? Koldo Mitxelenak antzinako “zini”-tik eratorritakotzat jotzen du: zia=ezkurra. Artearen ezkurra: artazi. Eta horrela, “ezkur berereango ezkurra” edo “ezkurretik ezkurra”, hau da: “Zuhaitzetik ezkurra”. Polita litzateke...

Ezkurra diruaren sinonimoa ere bada. Aberastasuna ezagutzeko abereak zenbatu behar badira, abere horiek elikatu eta gizenduko dituen ezkurra bera, txanpon egokia...


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