Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Gerra Hotzaren itzulera

Krimeako erreferenduma milaka soldadu errusiarren zaintzapean egin da eta ezin esan horiek direnik baldintzarik egokienak erreferendum bat egiteko, batez ere zaintzen duten lurraldea juridikoki beraiena ez denean, Ukrainarena baizik. Baina SESBren desagerpenaren ondoren ere, soldadu errusiarrak ez dira inoiz Krimeatik erretiratu, batez ere Sobiet Batasunak Itsaso Beltzeko bere itsas base militarrak han zituelako kokatuak eta ondoren ere Errusiak hori adostu zuelako Ukrainarekin. Errusiar soldaduak Krimean atzera aurrera ibiltzea ohikoa izan da Ukraina independentea den azken 23 urteetan eta bertako herritarrei hori ez zaie batere arrotza egiten.

Ez dirudi, hala ere, inongo zalantzarik dagoenik populazio krimearraren gehiengoak zer nahi duen, hau da, haientzat ama-Errusia denarekin bat egitea. Krimeako Legebiltzar autonomoak antolatutako kontsultaren datu ofizialen arabera, bozka eskubidea duten herritarren %87,71k parte-hartu du erreferendumean eta %96,6 Ukrainatik banatzearen alde agertu da. Hurrengo urratsa Errusiako Legebiltzarrari Errusiarekin bat egitea izan da. Autonomia zabalarekin Ukrainan jarraitzeko aukera ere bazen erreferendumean, baina kanpainan inork ez du berau defenditu, besteak beste erreferenduma Krimeako Legebiltzarrak bakarrik antolatu duelako, Ukrainako gobernuaren akordio barik. AEBek eta Europako Batasunak ez dute erreferenduma onartu eta Errusiaren jarrera dela-eta zigorrak iragarri dituzte. Orain diplomaziaren orena da.

Gerra Hotza itzuli da 25 urteren ondoren Europara, hori da egia eta hori egoeraren larria. Erreferendumaren ondoren apur bat urrundu bada ere, egiazko gerraren itzala Ukrainaren gainean da. Gertaerek argi erakusten dute XX. mendeko bigarren erdialdean SESBren eta AEBen artean izandako Gerra Hotzaren oihartzunak ez direla oraindik guztiz iraungi. Bi potentzien arteko mehatxu nuklearrak saihestu zuen –ozta-ozta hainbatean– bi blokeen arteko egiazko gerra, baina Mendebaldeko blokearen erabateko nagusitasunarekin bukatu zen norgehiagoka hura. Egiazki, eta Mendebaleko iturrietatik behin eta berriro parekotasuna saltzen saiatu bada ere, bi blokeen oreka ez zen inoiz existitu, ez arlo militarrean eta zeresanik ez ekonomikoan; AEBek ondo baino hobeto baliatu zuten beren nagusitasuna eta arma lasterketa SESBren garapena ahultzeko eta honek bere garapen ekonomikoa konkista sozialetan inbertitu ez zezan.

Baina SESBek armada oso indartsua garatu zuen eta, batez ere, AEBak suntsitzeko adina arma nuklear estrategiko; hau da, SESBeko lurraldetik bertatik AEBak suntsitzeko adina arma nuklear. SESB hondoratu ondoren, Errusiak jarraitu du mehatxu ahalmen horrekin eta AEBek behin eta berriro segitzen dute saiatzen errusiarren ahalmen hori nola ahulduko duten pentsatzen. Hor kokatzen da Errusiaren arma estrategikoak kontrolatu ahal izateko Europako ekialdean zabaltzen jarraitzen duen sarea, hasi Baltikotik eta Mediterraneoraino, tartean Itsaso Beltzetik pasatuz. Gerra Hotzaren oinordeko den borroka geoestrategiko horretan dago Ukrainaren egungo klabeetako bat. Errusiak kito esan die AEBei eta EBri eta hordagoa bota du, indar erakustaldia eginez eta, bidez batez, bere interesak babesteko Krimearena moduko xake mugimenduak bideratuz.

Baina ez dago ez klabe bakarrik ezta egia bakarrik ere. AEBek eta EBk ahaleginak eta bi egin dituzte on eta gaiztoen arteko filma barreiatzen: 2013an EBrekiko akordioa arbuiatu zutenak errusiarren menpeko gaiztoak, eta honen alde egin zutenak onak, egiazki erakutsi gabe Ukraina bera oso banatua dagoela EBera eta Errusiara begiratzen duten indarren artean. Areago, Viktor Yanukovitxen gobernu ustel baina legitimoaren aurkako sasi-estatu kolpea lagundu eta sostengatu zuten, besteak beste eskuin muturra Kiev-eko gobernura eramanez.

Ukrainak barne kohesio arazo handiak ditu eta Errusia eta AEBak eta EBren arteko tira-bira militar eta ekonomikoek ez dute laguntzen tentsio horiek baretzen. Oraingo korapilotik bake bidez ateratzeko, ukrainarren arteko elkarrizketa zabal eta librea ezinbestekoa da eta prozesu hori orain arte desagertua dagoen NBEren bitartekaritzarekin egitea ere bai.


You are interested in the channel: Ukraina
2025-01-24 | Gedar
European military spending at the heart of the debate in Davos
NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte agrees with Trump and says that “Europe needs to increase military investment.”

2025-01-09 | Joan Mari Beloki
Clarifications in Ukraine

Road 20 January. U.S. President Donald Trump will be investigated on January 20. Democratic economic elites have repeatedly tried to put an end to Trump’s life. Will they achieve the target by 20 January? Furthermore, they intend to bring the war to a new, tougher phase. To do... [+]


Ukraine leaves eastern Europe without Russian gas, broken with Gazprom
The Government of Volodymyr Zelensky has not renewed its contract with Gazprom and, on Wednesday morning, the Russian company has suspended the flow of gas to supply eastern Europe.

2024-12-27 | Leire Ibar
United States and its allies deliver $260,000 million to Ukraine for military assistance
The United States and its Western allies have contributed a total of $260,000 million to Ukraine, mostly in armaments and military support, following the Russian invasion of 2022. Although this aid seeks to strengthen Ukraine ' s defence, the United Nations World Research... [+]

2024-12-17 | Julene Flamarique
Ukraine kills Igor Kirillov, head of Russian Army nuclear, biological and chemical protection troops
The attack took place this Tuesday morning, a day after a court in Kiev accused Kirillov of using banned chemical weapons against Ukrainian troops. The device had a load of about 300 grams of TNT and an investigation has been launched to clarify what happened to Russia.

A sunken tanker has poured 4,300 tonnes into the Black Sea and another diverts
The storm had already taken place and "there has been a disaster", the Russian Government has reported. Ukraine, for its part, has accused him of irresponsibility.

2024-12-06 | Rafael Poch | CTXT
Oreshnik visits Yuzhmash
Moscow has shown that it can increase its deterrent capacity without using nuclear weapons and thus respond to the rise of its enemies. In turn, it spreads cracks in the European institutions that play in Russian roulette.

Putin paves the way for a nuclear weapon response after Ukraine’s US and UK missile attack
The Russian President, Vladimir Putin, has signed a decree providing for the possibility of responding with a nuclear weapon. The fact of suffering "a mass attack" with aircraft, cruise missiles and drones can lead to the conclusion of the use of this weapon.

2024-11-18 | Jon Torner Zabala
Biden authorises Ukraine to use long-range missiles against Russia
USA, Joe Biden, who has handed over the witness to Donald Trump, who can mark the change of direction of the United States in the war in Ukraine. However, before concluding its mandate, we have read that Ukraine has authorised the use of ATACMS long-range missiles in the Kursk... [+]

2024-11-05 | Mikel Aramendi
ANALYSIS
Do the North Koreans float between the fog in Russia?
When you hear stories like the North Korean soldiers who would act in Russia on the front line of war with Ukraine, it is difficult for the observer to distinguish what can be a reality blurred by the fog of war and what can be one of the classic masks.

2024-10-17 | Julene Flamarique
How many people have died in the war between Russia and Ukraine? What does the one and the other say?
More than a million people have died since the beginning of the war between Russia and Ukraine, research sources are reported to Europe Press. Most of the deaths are soldiers and then civilians of Ukrainian nationality, according to official sources. This summer has been the... [+]

In Ukraine, where war is being lost, the path of negotiation is being strengthened
Ukrainian President Volodimir Zelensky met with British Prime Minister Keir Starme and the new NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte on Wednesday in London. It has subsequently also met with other relevant European Union leaders at European level. The aim is to explain the “new... [+]

2024-10-07 | Joan Mari Beloki
Most Basque MEPs are betting on extending war to Europe

On 19 September the majority of the European Parliament voted in favour of: "That all restrictions on the use of arms systems granted to Ukraine should be lifted immediately on Russian territory," he added. In common terms: "Launch missiles long across Russia." This Parliament is... [+]


The risks of Salami's tactic

For the powers, the salami tactic is attractive. It consists of cutting steaks progressively. With the enlargement of NATO, violations of international law, regime changes and the international proliferation of its military bases, the United States reduced the security and... [+]


2024-09-20 | George Beebe
There are not enough long-range missiles to change the situation in Ukraine in the West
(But if Kiev lets Russia attack, it can lead us directly to war.) George Beebe is a former director of CIA analysis in Russia and this article has been posted on the blog of journalist Rafael Poch and on the Brave New Europe website in English.

Eguneraketa berriak daude