Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Frantziako Erresuma murriztu zuen mapa

XVI. mende amaierako Frantziako Erresumako mapa
XVI. mende amaierako Frantziako Erresumako mapa "puztua".Frantizako Artxibategi Nazionala

Genoako Errepublika, 1625. Giovanni Domenico Cassini matematikari, astronomo eta ingeniaria jaio zen. Astronomo ibilbidea 1648an abiatu zuen Bologna inguruko Panzano Behatokian, eta bi urte geroago Bolognako Unibertsitateko astronomia sailaren ardura lortu zuen.

1669an Frantziara joan zen eta bertan aritu zen hil artean, Luis XIV.aren babesean. Eguzki Erregearen laguntzaz Parisko Behatoki Astronomikoa ireki zuen 1671n.  Behatokiaz arduratu zen 1711. urtean ikusmena galdu zuen arte. Hurrengo urtean zendu zen Cassini, 87 urte zituela.

Besteak beste, Cassinik Marte eta Jupiter planeten errotazio aldiak kalkulatu zituen, eta Saturnoko lau satelite ikusten lehenengoa izan zen. Haren izena dute Saturnoko A eta B eraztunen arteko tarteak, asteroide batek eta Ilargiko nahiz Marteko krater banak.

Hala ere, genoarrak ez zuen karrera osoa zerura begira eman. Inguruko lurrak ere aztertu zituen. 1661ean longitudea neurtzeko metodo berri bat sortu zuen eta hamarkada bat geroago, metodo hura gauzatuz, Frantziako lehen mapa topografikoa egin zuen; edo egiten hasi zen, behintzat. Cassiniren metodoaren bidez, lur eremuen azalera zehaztasun handiagoz kalkula zitekeen. Erreferentzia puntuak erabiliz triangeluak mugatzean zetzan sistema. Emaitzak harrigarriak ziren, ordura artekoak baino askoz zehatzagoak.

Baina lur azalera txikientzat egokiagoa zen metodoaren bidez erresuma osatzea lan oso nekeza izan zen.  Giovanniren seme Jacquesek jarraitu zuen, lehenik, mapa osatzeko lana, eta bilobak hartu zuen lekukoa azkenik, aitonak abiatutako lana amaitzeko. Metodoa hain zen mantsoa, ez baitzen XIX. mendearen erdialdera arte berriro erabili.

Nahiz eta Giovanni Cassinik maparen azken bertsioa esku artean ez izan, lanean hasi bezain pronto konturatu zen Frantziako Erresuma ordura arte uste zena baino askoz txikiagoa zela. Hura kolpe latza izan zen Luis XIV.a ahalguztidunarentzat. Monarka absolutistak zera esan omen zuen haren konfiantzazko astronomoak –astrologoa ere bazen– aurkikuntzaren berri eman zionean: “Gerra guztietan irabazi ditudan lurraldeak eta gehiago kendu dizkit Cassinik bere maparekin”.


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