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Ada Lovelace, lehen programatzailea

Ada Lovelacek (1815-1852), Lord Byron poetaren alabak, aitak baino kontu prosaikoagoetara bideratu zuen inspirazioa.
Ada Lovelacek (1815-1852), Lord Byron poetaren alabak, aitak baino kontu prosaikoagoetara bideratu zuen inspirazioa.The Ada Initiative

Londres, 1815eko abenduaren 10a. Augusta Ada Byron, gerora King abizena hartuko zuena, Lovelaceko kondesa jaio zen. Anne Isabella Milbanke eta Lord Byron poeta ezagunaren alaba, gurasoak Adak hilabete besterik ez zuela banandu ziren, eta poetak Ingalaterra utzi zuen betiko. Amak txikitatik matematika eta logikarenganako interesa txertatu nahi izan zion, aitaren “erokerietatik” urrunduko zuelakoan.

Gaztetan Charles Babbage konputazioaren aitzindaria ezagutu zuen, eta amak bultzatutako matematikako ezaguerei esker harekin lanean hasi zen. Babbagek kalkulu makina bat diseinatu zuen; makina funtzionamenduan sekula ikusi ez zuen arren, konputazioaren historian giltzarria izan zen, erabiltzen zituen kontzeptuengatik.

Ada Lovelaceren lana, nagusiki, Babbagek egiten eta diseinatzen zuena dokumentatzea zen, baina bere ekarpenak ere egin zituen. Kalkulu jakinak egiteko makinan sartu behar ziren jarraibideak idatziz jaso zituen. Hau da, programa bat idatzi zuen, problema ebazteko konputagailuak eman beharreko urrats sorta, eta programazio lengoaia deskribatu zuen, gehiegi sakondu ez arren. Hortaz, historiako lehen programatzailea izan zen. Zehazki, Ada Lovelaceko kondesak sortutako programak Bernoulliren zenbakien balioak kalkulatzen zituen.

Urte askotan, Babbageren itzalean lausotu zituzten Adaren merezimenduak “emakumezko ergel, harroputz eta zoroa” zientziari halako ekarpenak egiteko gai ez zela argudiatuta.

Baina Lovelaceren dokumentazioa aztertuta garbi dago, konputagailua Babbagek sortu arren, Lovelacek gailu hark egin zezakeenaren ideia zabalagoa zuela. Babbegeren helburua, nagusiki, taula matematikoak inprimatzea zen, makina diseinatu zuenean. Bere laguntzaileak, ordea, askoz etorkizun oparoagoa aurreikusi zuen konputagailuarentzat; esaterako, tramankulu horiek egunen batean musika egiteko gai izango zirela uste zuen.

Makinak zenbait arauren arabera sinboloak manipulatzeko gai izango zirela eta zenbakiek, kantitateez gain, entitateak ere adieraziko zituztela uste zuen Lovelacek. Nozio hori esplizituki artikulatu zuen lehena izan zen eta, hala, kalkuluaren eta konputatzearen arteko funtsezko trantsizioaren mugarria ezarri zuen.

Lovelace hil eta ehun bat urtera hasi ziren haren ekarpenak gauzatzen; besteak beste, berak iradokitako txartel perforatuen erabilera hedatu zen. 1979an, AEBetako Defentsa Sailak Ada izena ipini zion programazio lengoaia bati eta Microsoftek haren aurpegia erabili izan du sistema eragileen lizentzia benetakotzat egiaztatzeko marka gisa. Berandu, baina txikitatik amak sustatuta egindako bidearen saria jaso zuen azkenean, aita sekula arbuiatu ez zuen arren. “Matematikari poetikotzat” zuen bere burua eta Lord Byronen ondoan dago ehortzita, hil ondoren sekula ezagutu ez zuen aitaren ondoan atseden hartzea baitzen bere nahia.


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