Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Harrapatzen bazaitu...

NOR HARRAPATUKO du zezenak uztailaren 7an? Iruñeko karriketan bederen ez dadila inor izan, behintzat modu larrian. Gainerakoan, lan munduan bereziki, egun horretatik aurrera zezen asko geratuko dira libre Hego Euskal Herri osoan, eta hauek langile asko harrapako dituzte, aldapan gora gainera, Santo Domingon bezala, zezena indartsu eta korrikalaria  arnasestuan dabiltzala.

Arazoa aste honetan konpontzen ez bada behintzat, ehunka mila langile geratuko da hitzarmen kolektibo gabe. Espainiako Langileen Estatutuaren estalpea izango da gutxieneko babesgunea, hau da, langileak ezingo duela kobratu gutxieneko lan-sariaren (645 euro) azpitik eta inork ezingo duela behartu astean 40 ordutik gora lan egitera. Gainerakoan, langilea enpresariaren mende geratuko da.
Hori da egiazko aukeretako bat eta uztailaren 7tik aurrera geratzen den indefinizio egoerak eta beldurrak negoziazio kolektiboa era defentsiboan egitera behartu ditu sindikatuak.

PPren Gobernuak 2012ko otsailean onartu zuen Lan Erreformak  ekarri du egoera hau. Ordura arte, lan hitzarmen bat lotzen zenean, honek indarrean jarraitzen zuen aldeek beste bat hitzartzen zuten arte. Horri ultraaktibitatea deitu izan zaio eta azken lan erreformak gogor kolpatzen duen puntuetakoa da. Lege honen arabera, 2013ko uztailaren 7tik aurrera hitzarmen kolektiboa lortu ez den lekuetan, hitzarmen gabe geratuko dira, aurrekoen balioa indar gabe geratzen delako.

Egoera seguruenik ez da batetik bestera horren zorrotza izango.  Enpresariek badakite oraingo legediak lehen baino hobeto babesten dituela euren interesak eta, hitzarmenik ezean, eskuak oso zabalik dituela langileen baldintzak nahieran finkatzeko. Baina bestetik, badaki horrek su handia piztu dezakeela eta saiatuko da tentuz abiatzen.

Bestetik, legedi aldetik ere indefinizio maila handia dago, lan hitzarmenik egon ezean, legeak arbitraiak bultzatuko dituelako eta ez dagoelako argi judikaturan nola emango den orain arteko eskubideen eta hauen murrizketen arteko talkaren irakurketa.

Edonola ere, langileen eskubide murrizketaren fase berri batean sartua dago Espainiako langileria eta eskubide gainbera denbora kontua besterik ez da, behintzat murrizketa horien kontrako korronte sendorik eratzen ez bada. Honek bi iturri izan dezake: lehena instituzionala, hau da, lan erreforma berri baten bidez, lehengo egoerara itzultzea; bi, langile eta sindikatuen antolaketa eta borroka, lan hitzarmen duinak lortzeko.

ETA INDAR HARREMANAK nola daude? Une honetan langileen eskubideen oso aurka. Europan Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondorioz sortutako ongizatearen estatuan, langile klaseek inoizko eskubide maila gorena lortu dute azken mende erdian. 1970eko urteetako bultzada neoliberalen mende, aldiz, eskubide horiek atzerapauso handiak jasan dituzte, bereziki herrialde garatuenetan; eta Europan, batez ere azken krisi ekonomikoaren harira.

Alde horretatik, kapitalaren indarrak garaipen handiak lortzen ari dira. Herrialde garatuenenetan, esaterako, errentaren banaketa da garaipen esanguratsuena, beheko klase eta klase ertainetatik aberastasunaren zati handia ari delako iragaten goi-mailako klaseetara. Borrokaren testuingurua hori da, kapitalaren indarrak erasoan eta langileriaren indarrak defentsan eta atzera eginez.

Oso egoera desberdinak daude Europa osoan, bai lurraldetik lurraldera, bai enpresatik enpresara. Klaberik garrantzitsuenak bi eremu nagusitan ematen dira. Batetik, enpresarena da borroka horren  eremu naturala, langileak zenbat eta antolatuago are eta indar handiagoa negoziaziorako. Bestetik, eremu orokorra dago: hautatuko al dituzte herritarrek estatu sozialaren alde egingo duten gobernuak?

Azken finean, erabaki hauek guztiak ez dira teknikoak, askotan mozorrotu nahi den moduan, politikoak baizik. Richard Nixonen Estatu Idazkari izan zen Henry Kissingerrek berak ere argi aitortzen du hori bere memorietan Bretton Woodseko sistema erori zen garaiaz ari denean: “Beranduago jakin izan nuen ekonomia politiken erabaki garrantzitsuak ez direla teknikoak, politikoak baizik”.

Lan baldintza hobeak, ekonomia garatuagoak, aberastasun banaketa handiagoa da. Hori da historiak erakusten duen zirkulua.
 


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