Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Ama Lur, zinema modernoaren hazia

Filmeko fotogramak.
Filmeko fotogramak.

Euskadiko Filmategiak ohar kezkagarria plazaratu zuen 2006an: Ama Lur, Euskal Herriko zinemagintza modernoaren abiapuntu eta lehen urratsa, galzorian zegoen, lanaren kontserbazio egoera kaskarragatik. Filma zaharberritu eta digitalizatzea lortu zuten ordea, eta horri esker bizirik dirau Fernando Larruquerten eta Nestor Basterretxearen elkarlanetik jaiotako obrak. Filmategiak berak, erakundearen 35. urteurreneko ekitaldien baitan, pantaila handian eskainiko du orain.
Lau urtaroetan barrena, Euskal Herriaren puzzlea osatzen du pelikulak, 103 minututan: mendiak, ibaiak, itsasoa, euskal dantzak, idi-demak, zezenketak, meatzeak, Labe Garaiak, baserriak, arrantzontziak, erlijioa, folklorea, tradizioa, jaiak, bertsolariak, artistak, nabigatzaileak, diaspora, historia, euskara… jartzen dizkigu begien aurrean, galdera bati erantzuteko asmoz: “Zer da Euskal Herria?”. Naturarekin eta ingurunearekin harreman estua duen herria ageri da dokumentalean, idealizaturik hainbatetan, baina bere testuinguruan ulertu behar da, frankismoak suntsituriko Euskal Herri mitikoaren berreskuratze lan gisa.
Hain zuzen, Euskal Herriaren berezko izaera goraipatzea eta pasarte batzuetan euskaraz aritzea ez zen lan makala izan Francoren diktadurapean. Filma kontrol zorrotzen jomuga izan zen eta zentsurak hainbat irudi jan zituen, tartean Picassoren Guernica koadroa edota Gernikako arbola elurtua –zuhaitza loretan agertzea nahi zuten zentsoreek, Espainiaren barnean zoriontsu zen herrialdea islatu zezan–. Hein batean zentsurari aurre egiteko, sinbolismo handiko imajinak erabili zituzten Basterretxeak eta Larruquertek, arroken kontra lehertzen diren zazpi olatu adibidez, zazpi herrialdeen ordezkari.

Crowdfunding-aren aitzindaria

Egun bogan dagoen crowdfundingaren aurrekaria ere badugu Ama Lur. Andoni Esparzak eta Jose Luis Etxegaraik abiatu zuten estrategia ekonomikoa: 100 pezetako akzioak jarri zituzten pelikula diruz lagundu nahi zuen edonoren eskura. 2.200 akziodun eta bost milioi pezeta inguru lortu zituzten eta bultzada garrantzitsua izan zen proiektuaren alde.
Azkenean, zailtasunak gainditu eta argia ikusi zuen filmak, 1968an. Donostiako Nazioarteko Zinemaldiaren baitan, harrera ezin hobea izan zuen lehenengo emanaldiak; jendez lepo, ikusleek hunkituta egin zuten txalo. Hala gogoratzen du Basterretxeak: “Zentsura eta oztopo guztiei aurre egin ostean, pelikula Donostiako Astoria zinema-aretoan estreinatu genuenean eta jendearen erantzun aparteko hura ikusi nuenean, ‘Fernando, irabazi dugu’, esan nion”.
Arrakasta ez zuten hain ongi hartu Espainia aldean eta filmak hautsak harrotu zituen zenbait agintariren artean, hain juxtu helburua bete zuelako. Basterretxearen beraren hitzetan, “uste zuten euskal abertzaletasuna amaitua zegoela, zapaldua, eta bat-batean bi tipok pelikula sutsu bat egin zuten; ‘baina hauek nondik atera dira?’… Euskal herritarren protesta itzela izan zen Ama Lur, Espainiako diktaduraren aurkako aldarria”.

Ama Lur. Nestor Basterretxea eta Fernando Larruquert.
Emanaldia: Maiatzaren 23an, arratsaldeko 20:00etan, Donostiako Antzoki Zaharrean. Antolatzailea: Euskadiko Filmategia.


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