Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Holokaustoa saihestu ez zuen itsas odisea

Goian, SS St. Louis transatlantikoa Hanburgoko portuan aingura jasotzeko zorian, 1939ko maiatzean. Azpian, ontziko bi errefuxiatu Habana parean, bertan lehorreratzeko itxaropenez.
Goian, SS St. Louis transatlantikoa Hanburgoko portuan aingura jasotzeko zorian, 1939ko maiatzean. Azpian, ontziko bi errefuxiatu Habana parean, bertan lehorreratzeko itxaropenez.U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

Hanburgo (Alemania), 1939ko maiatzaren 13a. SS St. Louis transatlantikoa Hanburgoko portutik abiatu zen Kuba helburu. Ontzian 937 bidaiari zeuden, horietatik 930 nazien jazarpenetik ihesi zihoazen judutar errefuxiatuak, gehienak alemaniarrak.
Itsasoratu eta hamar egunera, ontzia Karibeko uhartetik gertu zegoela, telegrama bat jaso zuten bidaiariek, Kuban babes politikoa lortzeko arazoak izango zituztela iragarriz, aurrez errefuxiatuek Kubak Alemanian zuen enbaxadan bisa ofizialak lortuak zituzten arren.
Urte horretan bertan Federico Laredo Bru buru zuen gobernuak atzerritarren sarrera mugatzen zuen lege dekretua onartu zuen. Haren arabera, errefuxiatuek bisa ofiziala lortu eta 500 dolarreko tasa ordaindu behar zuten Kuban sartzeko. Baina dekretuak ez zuen zehazten turisten eta errefuxiatuen arteko aldea eta, hutsunea baliatuz, sarrera baimenak saltzen hasi zen. Iruzurra eteteko, Laredo Bruk beste lege dekretu bat onarrarazi zuen berehala, aurrez emandako baimenak, besteak beste St:Louis ontziko bidaiarienak, bertan behera uzten zituena. Horixe azaldu zieten bidaiariei, baina, zenbait iturriren arabera, kubatarren ezezkoaren atzean AEBetako Estatu idazkari Cordel Hull zegoen, errefuxiatu gehienek Kubatik AEBetara joateko asmoa baitzuten. Negoziaketa tirabiratsuen ondoren, errefuxiatu gutxi batzuk, 29 besterik ez, Habanan lehorreratu ziren, dekretuak ezarritako 500 dolarren truke.
Ontzia Floridako kostaldera hurbildu zen orduan. Hasieran Roosevelt presidenteak bidaiariak onartuko zituztela adierazi arren, Estatu idazkariaren presioak atzera egitera behartu zuen. Errefuxiatuei babesa emateko kuotak beteta zeuden eta Rooseveltek ez zuen etsairik pilatu nahi 1940ko hauteskundeen atarian.
Kuba eta Floridaren artean aingura botata zegoen transatlantikoak ekainaren 4an jaso zuen estatubatuarren ezezkoa. Eta, biharamunean, Kanadan babesa lortzeko saiakerak ere porrot egin zuen.
Goseak eta etsiak hartuta, suizidioen eta mutinatzearen mehatxua geroz eta handiagoa, Gustav Schröder kapitainak Europara itzultzeko agindua eman zuen. Egun gutxiren buruan itsasontzia Anberesko portuan sartu zen eta bidaiariak Belgikan, Erresuma Batuan, Frantzian eta Herbehereetan banatu zituzten, gehienbat handik gutxira naziek okupatuko zituzten herrialdeetan, beraz. St. Louiseko bidaiari guztietatik, 240 besterik ez ziren atera bizirik Bigarren Mundu Gerratik.


You are interested in the channel: Historia
2025-02-06 | dantzan.eus
The carnival that was lost a long time ago in Lazkao will be revived
In recent weeks we have read that in Lazkao they are thinking of recovering the carnival that was lost in the decade of 1960-70. On the basis of these festivities, various local groups will gather and celebrate the Carnival on February 28. To learn more, we asked Anne Zubiarrain... [+]

The Sunstones of Vasagård

Archaeologists have discovered more than 600 engraved stones at the Vasagård site in Denmark. According to the results of the data, dating back to 4,900 years ago, it is also known that a violent eruption of a volcano occurred in Alaska at that time. The effects of this... [+]


Paperless from Mayotte: The invisible victims of Cyclone Chido
We have brought to our attention the term "necropolitics" of the Cameroonian political scientist Achille Mbenbe. He looks at citizenship and power from the prism of death, and makes it clear that the lives of certain groups of people are underestimated, invaluable, and therefore... [+]

Deep burns of Napalma

Vietnam, February 7, 1965. The U.S. Air Force first used napalma against the civilian population. It was not the first time that gelatinous gasoline was used. It began to be launched with bombs during World War II and, in Vietnam itself, it was used during the Indochina War in... [+]


The platform for the demolition of the Monument to the Fallen denounces the position of EH Reunidos, PSN and Geroa Bai
The platform has called for a meeting on Thursday at the Plaza del Ayuntamiento in Pamplona at 6:30 p.m. in order to confirm the three parties’ position with the building in their choice to denounce and demolish it.

2025-01-29 | Cira Crespo
Don't say colonization

I just saw a series from another sad detective. All the plots take place on a remote island in Scotland. You know how these fictions work: many dead, ordinary people but not so many, and the dark green landscape. This time it reminded me of a trip I made to the Scottish... [+]


Furoshiki, sustainable art

Japan, 8th century. In the middle of the Nara Era they began to use the term furoshiki, but until the Edo Era (XVII-XIX. the 20th century) did not spread. Furoshiki is the art of collecting objects in ovens, but its etymology makes its origin clear: furo means bath and shiki... [+]


2025-01-28 | Leire Ibar
Memorialist associations request that La Cumbre be handed over to the City Council of San Sebastián
The General Assemblies of Gipuzkoa demand that the La Cumbre building in San Sebastián, where Lasa and Zabala were kidnapped and tortured, be transformed into a space for historical memory. The palace was due to be ceded by the state to the City Council of San Sebastián in... [+]

History of the Government Headquarters in Paris: From the Gestapo’s claws back to the hands of the PNV
After decades of demand, the historic palace on Avenue Marceau 11 in Paris is finally in the hands of the PNV. For the jealous, beyond the monetary value, this building has an enormous symbolic value, since it connects them fully with the exile and the struggle against fascism.

2025-01-22 | Julene Flamarique
The Monument to the Fallen of Pamplona is painted in red under the proclamation 'Fall of the Fallen' and 'Against Fascism to the First Line'
The painting was done on Tuesday night, residents said. The main façade, its doors and its side walls have been painted. The appeal coincides with the mobilization convened by the Socialist Youth Coordinator on January 25.

Yersinia pestis in Egypt

In an Egyptian mummy of 3,300 years ago, traces of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that caused the Justinian plague in the 6th century and the Black Plague in the 14th century, have just been found.

Experts until now believed that at that time the plague had spread only in... [+]


Greenland to buy

Greenland, the end of the 10th century. The first Scandinavian explorers and settlers arrived on the island. But by the 15th century these settlements had been abandoned and the original Inuit remained. But in 1721, the missionary Hans Egede organized an expedition and the... [+]


Don't miss your memory, your neighborhood also Gamonal
The one who believes that what happened in January 2014 in Gamonal de Burgos was a mere protest provoked by the M15 movement and the like, is very wrong. You just have to look into the memory of the neighborhood to realize the influence that the feeling of loss of the past, the... [+]

Eguneraketa berriak daude