Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Bullying, bullying, bullying…

Badaramazkigu urte batzuk hitz hori entzuten. Ikastetxeetan lan egitean, ikasleen artean entzun dezakegu “ez dakit nori bullying egiten zioten...”, barre algaren artean. Guraso batzuen artean ere entzun dezakegu: “Hori beti gertatu den zerbait da. Guk ere gure artean joka eta isekaka ibiltzen ginen, baina  normaltzat hartzen genuen eta listo. Ez genion izenik jartzen eta inork ez zuen traumarik gaur egun bezala”.

Baina, ba al dakigu zertaz ari garen bullying hitza erabiltzean? Esaten dugu bullyinga ikasle batek behin eta berriz eta denbora luzez irainak, bazterketa, larderia psikologikoa eta/edo oldarkortasun fisikoa bezalako ekintzak jasaten dituenean bere eskola-kideren batengandik.

Hau ez da tontakeria bat, badago bere buruaz beste egiten duenik eraso horien ondorioz. Horregatik, bullyingaren inguruan asko ikertu da azken urteotan, ikastetxeetan irakasleek formakuntza jasotzen dute, horrelako egoerak ekiditeko edo esku-hartzeak egiteko protokoloak daude. Baina noizbait pentsatu al dugu zein diren eraso horien edukiak? Zergatik diren gazte horiek erasoak? Zein dira gehien erabiltzen diren irainak?

Bada, puta eta marikoia dira irain nagusiak, eta bi hitz horien sinonimo guztiak. Kasu asko eta askotan, gazteek beren genero rola betetzen ez dutelako dira erasoak. COGAM (Colectivo de Lesbianas, Gays, Transexuales y Bisexuales de Madrid) eta FELGTBek (Federación estatal de Lesbianas, Gays, Transexuales y Bisexuales) 2012an argitaratutako ikerketaren arabera, ikastetxeak ez dira LGTB (lesbiana, gay, transexual eta bisexual) gazteentzat espazio seguruak, eskoletan eraso asko dago homofobia eta transfobiagatik, nesken portzentaje altu batek eta mutilen portzentaje altuago batek indarkeria psikologikoa eta fisikoa jasaten du bere desioaren orientazio edo/eta identitate sexualarengatik eta hezkuntza sistemak ez dio arazo horri erantzun egoki bat ematen. GEHITUk (Euskal Herriko Lesbiana, Gay, Transexual eta Bisexualen Elkartea) 2010-11 ikasturtean Donostiako 609 gazteekin egindako ikerketaren arabera, gazteen %82,92k norbait bere desioaren orientazio edo identitateagatik iraintzen ikusi dutela diote, %40,72k arrazoi horiengatik beraien ingurukoak baztertzen ikusi dute eta %11,99k jipoien ikusle izan dira.

Diskriminazioaz hitz egiten dugunean hiru maila bereizi ditzakegu: arrazionala edo sinesmenak, emozionala edo sentimenduak eta jokabidezkoak. Bullyingaren prebentzioaz hitz egiten dugunean, jokabidezko mailan bakarrik esku hartzen dugu baina benetako arazoak hor dirau. Hau da, erasoak ekiditen ditugu, baina ez ditugu erasoak sortzen dituzten ideiak eta sentimendu negatiboak deuseztatzen eta hau egiten ez dugun bitartean ez da bullyingik desagertuko.

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