Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Elefanteak epaile eta borrero

XVIII. mendearen erdialdeko irarlana, elefante bidezko exekuzioa irudikatzen duena.
XVIII. mendearen erdialdeko irarlana, elefante bidezko exekuzioa irudikatzen duena.Bellin print

Ninive (egungo Irak), XII. mendea. Petachiach Ratisbonako errabinoa Mesopotamia iparraldean bidaiatzen ari zela, exekuzio berezi baten lekuko izan zen: “Niniven bada elefante bat. Handia da eta otordu bakoitzean bi gurdi lasto jaten ditu gutxi gorabehera. Sultanak norbait heriotzara kondenatzen duenean, elefanteari esaten dio: ‘Pertsona hori erruduna da’, eta elefanteak ezpainaz (sic) akusatua jaso eta hil egiten du”.

Duela 4.000 urte inguru bururatu omen zitzaien gizakiei elefantea arma hilgarritzat erabiltzea. Erromatarrek, kartagoarrek eta mazedoniarrek noizbehinka erabili zuten metodo hori. Baina elefante asiarra afrikarra baino errazagoa da etxekotzen eta, horregatik, nagusiki Asian findu eta hedatu zen teknika.

Exekuzio horiek agintarien boterearen sinbolo ziren; erregea piztiarik handiena bere menpe atxikitzeko gai bazen, bizitza eta heriotza nahieran administratzeko gai ere izango zen.

Kontinentearen mendebaldean exekuzioa nagusiki elefanteak kondenatua tronpaz zanpatzean zetzan, errabino bidaiariak azaldu bezala. Baina Asiako hego-mendebaldean agintariek irudimen handiagoa zuten: krimena larria ez bazen, elefanteak kondenatuaren burua edo sabelaldea zanpatzen zuen hankaz, eta heriotza berehalakoa zen; baina laidoa larritzat joz gero, hil aurretik kondenatuari oinazea eragiteko bide bihurriagoak erabiltzen zituzten.
Esaterako, elefanteari marrazak jartzen zizkioten letaginetan, eta horretarako bereziki trebatutako ugaztun handiak kondenatua pixkanaka ebakitzen zuen. Marrazarik erabiltzen ez zenean, ikuskizuna ez zen hain odoltsua, baina zigortuari tronpaz eusten zion bitartean hankez haren hezurrak txikitzeko gai zen elefantea. Metodo horrekin pakidermoak kondenatuaren gorputz atalak erauzi eta ikusleen odol gosea  ase zezakeen. Indian beste teknika bat zuten gogoko: kriminala elefantearen atzeko hanketara lotzen zuten, eta animaliak herrestan eramaten zuen. Kondenatuak nahikoa sufritu zuela erabaki ondoren, elefanteari atzerantz ibiltzeko agintzen zioten, eta kito.

Baina elefanteak ez ziren beti borrero hutsak, eta ordalia gisa ere erabili izan ziren: akusatua frogatu ezin zitekeen krimen baten erruduntzat bazuten, elefantearen aurka borrokatzera eramaten zuten. Akusatua bizirik ateraz gero, hau da, unibertsoko astro guztiak haren alde lerrokatzen baziren eta hiltzeko bereziki trebatutako elefantea nagiak erabat jota bazegoen, errugabetzat jotzen zuten.


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