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Literokeria edo literamina

  • Iban Zaldua ::idazten ari dela idazten duen idazlea

    Elkar, 2012

Azalean bertan, koaderno baten orrietan idatzita, argi agertzen zaigu zer topatuko dugun barruko orrietan: idazlea. Idazlea eta bere lana. Idazlea eta bere zirkustantziak. Idazlea eta bere burutazioak. Idazlearen ingurukoak aletuko zaizkigu ipuin laburren bilduma honetan. Aukera ederra ematen digu liburu honek literatur sistemaren partaideak ispilu zalduarraren aurrean ipintzeko eta bertan nolako formak hartzen dituzten ikusteko. Idazlea, irakurlea, kritikaria, literatur irakaslea edo liburudendak agertuko zaizkigu bata bestearen atzetik egile honen irudimenak hauspotuta. Horretarako Kafka eta The Smiths ditugu liburu honetan bisitari eta bidelagun, bataren begirada fantastikoak kutsatzen ditu narrazio laburrak han eta hemen, eta bestearen letretako umorea ere (beltza? ironikoa?) topa dezakegu tarteka. Biak Zalduaren idazteko moduaren ezaugarri ezagunak direnak, bidenabar.

Baina, egia esan, idazleaz eta bere inguruneaz hitz egitean funtsean literaturaz ari gara. Hori baita lan honetako gaia. Eta zer da literatura? Zeri buruz dihardugu (fikzioa) idazteaz ari garenean? Hamaika erantzun dituen galdera honi azpitituluak emango dio argia oraingoan, lan honen ikuspuntua agerian utziz: “Idazten ari dela idazten duen idazlea edo literatura gaixotasun gisa”. Ipuinetako batean pertsonaia batek beste bati hurrengoa esaten dio: “Literatura gaitz bat duk. Bizitza zer den ez dakitenen izurria”. Hau da orriotako ideia nagusia. Honen haritik etorriko zaizkigu, besteak beste, obsesio bihurtzen den bilaketa eta idazketa, ingurukoen bizipenak zurrupatzen dituen idazle-kaparra edo istorioak kontatzeko ausardiaren aldarria.

Errealitatearen eta fikzioaren arteko ahobiko harremanak nola marraztu dituen gustatu zait, honekin gogoeta metaliterarioa sustatu eta autofikzioaren mugak zabaldu dituela uste dut. Batetik, literaturari buruz berba egiteko solaskide moduko bat izan daiteke ipuin bilduma hau, akuilua, gai-jartzailea. Bestetik, maiz topatuko dugu lehen pertsonan hitz egiten digun idazlea eta bere ibilerak, literaturak sentiarazi eta pentsarazi dizkionak konpartituz, literatura gaixotasun gisa bizi duenaren testigantza emanez. Azken finean norbaitek noizbait esan zuen bezala, literaturak bizia eman eta bizia kendu ere egin dezake.

Literatura maite dugunok badakigu pasio horrek zer-nolako eragina duen gugan, izan ere, maitasunak (eta maiteminak) erokeriaz eta gaixotasunaz badu, literaturak ere berdin, eta hori da liburu honetatik atera duguna. Idazleak istorioak lapurtzen ditu irakurleokin konpartitzeko, eta lan horretan zoriona ezagutu dezake bere lanen arrakasta ikusita, edo zoritxarra ezagutzean min hori idazteko grina sumatu, narratzaileak narrazioetako batzuetan dioskunez, modu honetan bizitzatik ihes egin edo bizitza bete-betean bizi. Amaitzeko esan, hau idatzi dizuen irakurle honek irribarre konplizearekin amaitu dituela ipuin gehienak, ulertu duelako literokeriaren edo literaminaren gaitz berak jota dagoela bera ere.

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