Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Elorrio izan

Cratageus monogyna, elorri zuria
Cratageus monogyna, elorri zuria

Txertoa tarteko, Mespilus germanica, mizpirarekin bat eginda bizi da elorri zuria. Crataegus generoko espezieak izan ohi dira elorri zuri horiek, txerto-oinetarako gehienetan Crataegus monogyna. Mizpira izena mespilus latindarretik datorrela iruditzen zait. Latin arrotza zekartenen ahoek gustuko zituzten fruitu arrotzen artean mizpira ez zen aza hostoa. Etxeko elorri zuriari txertatzen zaio harrezkero.

Etxekoa bai; mizpirak ez bezala izen mordoa baitu euskaraz, elorri zuriaz gain, besteak beste, arantza zuria, babatxi, ilurri, abilluri, aranze, aspil, elorri-ziril, aranzibia eta gillorri. Gure inguruko kulturetako hizkuntzetan ere izen pila du. Gaztelaniaz ehunetik gora izen badu, horietatik batzuk deigarri egin zaizkit: arto, arto venenoso, arto de manzaneta, arto blanco, arto marino eta arto motillonero.

“Arto” hitza grekotik omen dator eta oinarrizko ogia adierazten duela diote. Gurean garai bakoitzak bere artoa izan du. Gaur egun artatxikia deitzen duguna aspaldi batean gure artoa izango zen; zein ote, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica? Gero Ameriketatik ekarritakoak (Zea mays) askoz etekin hobea ematen zuenez hark kendu zizkion soroak, errotak eta baita izena ere. Gaur egun, oraindik ere, artirinarekin egindako ogiari artoa deitzen zaio. Horra greziera gure ahotan. Orain, baina, gure ogia batez ere gariz (Triticum sp) egiten da. Gariari deitu beharko diogu arto.

Elorri zurira itzuliz, gaztelaniaz ere arto deitzeak zer adierazi dezake? Garairen batean eta nonbait elorriaren pinporta gorriak arto izan zirela? Ez nintzateke batere harrituko. Maspila, gurbea, otsalizarra, maaltza, sagar makatzak, hurrak... euskaldunok ikaragarri zor diegu fruitu txiki horiei. Zenbat gose berdindu ote dute milaka urtetan, latina sortu ere egin gabea zen garai haietan! Fruitu horiek baino gozoagoak izango ziren gero nekazaritza neolitikoak ekarri eta sorotik abiatuta, errotatik eta oramahaitik barrena igaro eta labean erretzen ziren labore eta artoak. Gutxi batzuk arto eta ogiak jaten hasi ziren garaietan beste batzuk fruituei heldu beste aukerarik ez zuten izango. Era zaharrari eusteko batzuek eta ezinagatik bat baino gehiagok. Horiek elorrio izango zuten. Hortik ote dator esaera? Geroagokoa izango da “Elorria lora, artoa lurrera”.


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