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wednesday 19 february 2025
Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa
Soziolinguistika

Umorea eta hizkuntzen irakaskuntza

Kike Amonarriz
19 December 2012

Algara, edo ez gara bloga zabaltzeko aitzakia eman dit Péter Medgyes, Hungariako Hezkuntza Ministerioko estatu idazkari eta Damascon enbaxadore izan den Linguistika Aplikatuko irakaslearen Laughing Matters: Humour in the language classroom liburuak.

Sarreran dioenez, umorea, hizkuntzen irakaskuntzarako dugun bitartekorik onenetako bat da, baina oraindik ere ariketa eta testu umoretsu gutxi aurkitzen dugu hizkuntza lantzeko materialetan. Egoera hau ez da oso ulergarria, hizkuntzak ikasterakoan aise sortzen direlako egoera umoretsuak eta ikastordu horiek plaza ezin egokiagoak direlako giro atsegin eta lagunkoia sortzeko. Umorea erabiltzeko hainbat arrazoi aipatzen ditu. Tartean hauek:

- Kulturen arteko zubiak eraikitzen ditu.

- Ikasleen arteko harremanak erraztu eta tentsioak baretzen ditu.

- Pentsamendu sortzailea garatzen du.

- Aurretik ikasitako hizkuntza zatiak finkatzen ditu.

- Gelan giro alaia sortzen du eta motibazioa handitzen du.

Euskara irakasle gisa aritu nintzenean, hizkuntzaren inguruan emandako hitzaldietan eta Hizkuntza Eskolan ikasle gisa izandako esperientziak ere ondorio berberera narama: umoreak ikasketa prozesua erraztu egiten du.

Eta orduan, zergatik ematen zaio horren garrantzi gutxi umoreari irakaskuntzan? Galdera hori erantzun nahian, 2004ko Udako Ikastaroetan “Umorea eta Hezkuntza” ikastaroa antolatu genuen. Beste batzuen artean, Felix Etxeberriak eskola tradizionalaren umore txarrari, eskola berriaren alaitasuna kontrajarri zion, bere abantaila pedagogikoak azalduz. Joxerra Gartziak berriz, “Umorea: Publizitatean bai eta eskolan ez? Hezkuntza persuasioaren ikuspegitik” gaia landu zuen eta umorearen baliagarritasuna eta ezinbestekotasuna aipatu zituen.

Honen haritik gogoan dut gure alabetako batek ikastolatik bueltan behin hauxe esan zidala: “Aita, gaur egun handia da. Andereñok barre egin du!”. Izan ere, edozein haurri zein irakasle dituen gustukoen galdetuz gero, hamarretik bederatzitan, gelan irribarrea erakusten dutenak aipatuko dizkizu.

Berriki ospatu dugun 2013ko Kilometroen aurkezpen-jaialdian, bertaratu ziren ikasleek, barrez eta algaraz hartu zituzten irakasleak, esketxetan edo arropa-desfilean azaldu zirenean. Baina irakasleen jarrera horrek eta ikasleen barreek sekulako balio pedagogikoa dute. Umoreak gertutasuna eta konplizitatea baitakar, energia positiboa eta ikuspegi zabaltasuna. Are gehiago, nire ustez ezin da pedagogia aurrerakoirik planteatu, lan-tresna nagusien artean umorea eduki gabe.

Soziolinguistika
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