Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

"Franco nazia zen, faxista baino gehiago"

  • Historia liburu batek agerian utzi du Espainia erabat nazifikatu zela 1936ko gerraostean. Egileak dio horrek arrasto ideologikoa utzi zuela frankismoan, baita Hitler erori ondoren ere.

Hitler eta Franco Hendaian; argazkia nahita moldatu zuen diktadore espainiarrak.
Hitler eta Franco Hendaian; argazkia nahita moldatu zuen diktadore espainiarrak.

Eduardo Martin de Pozuelo La Vanguardia egunkariko erredaktore burua Francoren erregimenaren eta nazismoaren arteko loturez mintzo da El Franquismo, cómplice del Holocausto (Frankismoa, Holokaustoaren konplizea) liburuan, 2005az geroztik kontsultatu dituen dokumentu estatubatuar, ingeles eta espainiarrak abiapuntutzat hartuta. MásPúblico kazetari-kooperatibak elkarrizketa egin dio eta galdera-erantzun zenbait euskaratu eta gurera ekarri ditugu.

Zer ekarpen egiten du liburuak, frankismoaren eta nazismoaren arteko harremanari dagokionez?

Ziur naiz, eta saiakera honen irakurleek ere hala ikusiko dute, Francoren Espainia ez zela faxista izan, nazia baizik, gerra-ostekoa batez ere. Espainia erabat nazifikatu zen, Hirugarren Reicharen apendizea izateraino.

Baita nazismoa erori ostean ere?

Bai. Francok, arrazoi politikoek bultzatuta, aliatuen karta babestu beharra izan zuen, aliatuek beldur gehiago ziotelako Stalini Francori baino. Gobernu komunista ezartzea baino, hobe diktadorea geratzea, zioten. Benetako aliantza, ordea, Hirugarren Reicharekin egindakoa da. Izugarrizko arrasto ideologikoa utzi zuen. Adibide bat jartzearren: prentsaren gaineko kontrola mantenduko da, Bigarren Mundu Gerran Goebbelsek bidalitako 150 adituren zaintzapean.

Azaleratutako dokumentuek jende asko lotsaraziko al dute?

(…) Nire belaunaldiko jendeari irakatsi zitzaionez, Hendaiako bileran Francok lotsarazi egin zuen Hitler. Bada, alemaniarrek idatzitako akta irakurtzean, alderantzizkoa gertatu zela jakin ahal izan dut. Francok Bigarren Mundu Gerran sartzea sinatu zuen (…) Hitlerrek, halaber, ez zuen onartu Afrika iparraldea Francoren eskuetan uztea. Historia alderantziz kontatu digute.

Zer nolako parte-hartzea izan zuen Espainiak gerra horretan?

Handia. (…) Alemaniarren gerra-zentroa (COS izenekoa) Madrilen zegoen, espia naziak entrenatzeko zentroa Bartzelonan, Gestapoak bulegoak zituen Espainiako polizia-etxeetan... Ez ginen neutralak, erabat naziak baizik. (…) Liburu honetan erakusten dudanez, Franco holokaustoaren konplize aktiboa izan zen.

Azaldu ezazu hori…

Elkarren arteko adiskidetasun mailaz jabetu zaitezten: 1943an, espainiar jatorriko judutar guztiak Espainiara bidaltzeko aukera eskaini zion Hitlerrek Francori, eta honek dozena erdi aldiz egin zion uko.

Zer gertatu zitzaien?

Guztiak hil dira. Kontzentrazio esparruetara eraman zituzten. Haien bizitza eskuetan izan zuen Francok. Horregatik diot konplizea izan zela. (…) Irakurri ditudan dokumentuen arabera, tamainako eskaintza Francori besterik ez zion egin Hitlerrek. Alemaniarrek galdetu ziotenean judutarrak Espainiara eramaterik zergatik ez zuen nahi, hala erantzun zuen Francok: “Alemaniaren etsaiak, Espainiarenak ere badira”. Hala ere, espainiarrak zirenez, haien ondasuna espainiar agintarien esku geratu behar zela zioen. Pertsonak baztertu zituen, baina haien dirua eskuratu zuen. Biktima horien oinordekoek espainiar estatuaren aurkako erreklamazioa jartzea espero dut, lapurtu dieguna itzul diezaiegun. n


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