Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Amen salbatzaileari jaramonik ez

Zarata mediatikoz beteriko garai nahasiotan, merkatu logiketatik urrun eta irakurleengandik gertu dagoen kazetaritza beharrezkoa dela uste baduzu, ARGIA bultzatzera animatu nahi zaitugu. Geroz eta gehiago gara, jarrai dezagun txikitik eragiten.

Viena, 1846. Ignaz Semmelweis mediku hungariarra, obstetrizian doktoregoa lortu ondoren, austriar hiriburuko Ospitale Orokorrean hasi zen lanean, eta handik gutxira, amen hilkortasun tasa izugarriaz kezkatuta, zera idatzi zion Markusovsky lagunari: “Ezin du lorik egin. Apaiza azaldu baino lehen entzuten den txilina nire arimaren bakean sartu da betiko. Egunero ezintasunez ikusten ditudan izugarrikeriek ez didate bizitzen uzten. Ezin dut honela jarraitu, dena iluna denean, kategorikoa den bakarra hildakoen kopurua denean”.

Erditze ondoko sepsiak edo sukarrak jota hildako amen kopurua ikaragarria zen benetan. Ospitaleak bi amatasun gela zituen: lehenengoan heriotza tasa oso handia zen, %15etik gorakoa; bigarreneko datuak, aldiz, ohikoagoak ziren: %4 ingurukoak. Hilkortasun handiaren iturriaren bila, bi unitateak alderatzea bururatu zitzaion Semmelweisi, eta lehenengoan medikuntza ikasle gehiago aritzen zirela ikusi zuen. Ikasleak anatomia pabilioian gorpuak manipulatzen jardun ondoren joan ohi ziren erditzear zeuden emakumeei laguntzera. Hala, mediku hungariarrak heriotzen jatorria ondorioztatu zuen: “Aztertzaileen eskuetan itsatsitako gorpuen partikulak”.

Infekzio hilkorra zerk eragiten zuen zehatz jakin gabe, 1846ko urrian bertan, erditze-gelaren sarreran konketa bat jarri zuen, mediku eta ikasleek eskuak garbi zitzaten. Baina amatasun-gelaren arduradun zen Johann Klein doktoreak Se-mmelweis laguntzailea kalera bota zuen horregatik.

Hurrengo urtean, berriro onartu zuten ospitalean, baina beste amatasun gelan, Bartch doktorearenean. Emakume haurdunak aztertu behar dituzten guztiei eskuak kaltzio kloruroz garbitzeko eskatzen hasi zen, eta berehala heriotza-tasa %0,9ra amildu zen. Erditze ondoko sukarraren etiologiaz, kontzeptuaz eta profilaxiaz lana ere idatzi zuen gaiaz. Baina Europako obstetra eta zirujau gehienek aurkikuntza arbuiatu zuten, eta 1849an lanetik bota zuten berriro.

865ean, dementziak jota, eroetxe batean sartu zuten, eta handik bi astera hil zen, jipoi baten ondorioz. Bizi artean, inork ez zion aitortu funtsezko aurkikuntza. Baina Louis Pasteurrek germenen teoria garatu ondoren Semmelweis antisepsiaren aitzindaritzat jo zuten. Eta Vienako Ospitale Orokorrean, haren estatuaren azpian, “Amen salbatzailea” dago idatzita.


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