Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Orban susmagarriak identifikatzeko aholkuak

Orin edo orban sinple batek hamarkadak behar ditu melanoma bihurtzeko. Komeni da, beraz, alerta-seinale garrantzitsuenak ezagutzea, minbiziranzko eraldaketa hori garaiz harrapatu ahal izateko.

Osasunaren Munduko Erakundeak dioenez, urtero 160.000 larruazaleko minbizi, hau da, melanoma  kasu diagnostikatzen dira; minbizi motarik usuena da munduan. Gure artean, eguzkiak beste leku batzuetan baino gutxiago jotzen duen arren, melanomaren intzidentziak %10etik gorako igoera izan du azken sei urteotan. Zorionez, minbizi horren pronostikoa gero eta hobea da. Gaur egun emakumeen %84k eta gizonezkoen %75ek gainditzen dute melanoma. Gure azala aldian behin aztertzeak duen garrantziaz jabetzeak zerikusi handia du horrekin, inolako zalantzarik gabe.

Baina, zeintzuk dira melanoma baten agerpena errazten duten faktoreak? Pertsona batzuek eguzki-izpien aurrean sentiberago bihurtzen dituen gene alteratua dutela ikusi dute adituek, baina minbizi mota horren eragilea eguzkia gehiegi eta babes egokirik gabe hartzea da. Izan ere, dermisa sarritan minberatuz gero –ez ahaztu eguzki-izpien erredura hori besterik ez dela, narritadura–, larruazaleko minbizia izateko arriskua asko handitzen baita.

Norbere burua aztertu

Inork ez du ezagutzen zure gorputza zuk baino hobeto, eta inork ez du zuk baino lehenago atzemango  lehendik zegoen eta aspalditik begiz jota zenuen orinen batean aldaketarik gertatu den. Horrexegatik, norberaren buruaren miaketa da melanoma posible bat modu goiztiarrean detektatzeko tresnarik onena. Zure gorputza zehatz-mehatz aztertu behar duzu, bai aurrealdetik eta  bai atzeko aldetik ere –bi ispilu balia ditzakezu horretarako, edo senideren bati laguntza eskatu, bestela–, lehen begiratuan aztertzeko hain erraz eta eskuragarri ez dauden inguruak ere –ipur-masailak edo ile-larrua, esaterako– ahaztu gabe.

Zer egin orban arraroa ikusiz gero

Aspalditik duzun orin bat kantzerigeno bihurtzen ari ote den susmorik txikiena edukiz gero, lehenbailehen dermatologoarengana joatea komeni da. Zure azala goitik behera aztertzea izango da espezialistak egingo duen aurreneko gauza. Baina ez harritu azaleko minbiziarekin lotuak egon daitezkeen beste mantxa batzuen bila, beste leku batzuk ere aztertzen baditu. Tumore bat susmatuz gero dermatoskopia digitala egiteko agindu dezake, edo zuzenean biopsia. Diagnostikoa baieztatuz gero, tratamendua tumorearen larritasunaren araberakoa izango da, baina aukera terapeutikoak gero eta eraginkorragoak  eta agresibitate txikiagokoak dira. Terapia fotodinamikoa da berrikuntza nagusietakoa, tumorea inolako kirurgiarik gabe eta orbainik batere utzi gabe tratatzeko.

Dietaren garrantzia

Sartu zure jan-neurrian fruta eta barazki hori edo laranja kolorekoak. Jaki horien beta-karotenoak azala eguzki-izpietatik babesten duen melaninaren produkzioa bultzatzen du. Hosto berdeko barazkiek, berriz, luteina dute, zelulen hazkunde anormala geldiarazten laguntzen duena.

ADEEK araua da gakoa

Arau mnemotekniko gisa, ADEEK akronimoak biltzen du norbere buruaren miaketaren oinarria. Bere esanahia ondorengoa da:

• A edo asimetria: orin baten bi erdiak asimetrikoak, diferenteak izan ohi dira.
• D edo diametroa: begiratu ea orbanaren diametrorik handiena sei milimetrotik gorakoa ote den.
• E edo eboluzioa: edozein aldaketa arraro gertatuz gero, zoaz medikuarengana.
• E edo ertzak: adi, ea lesioaren ertzak irregularrak ote diren.
• K edo kolorea: lesioak alde batetik bestetik baino kolore ilunagoa badu, kontuz, susmo txarra hartzeko modukoa izan daiteke.
 


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