The UPV/EHU professor Joseba Agirreazkuenaga has for many years analyzed the debates on the outbreaks and self-government that occurred in the 19th century. This book and The Making of the Basque Question, published last year by the University of Nevada, are the results of this study.

The book begins with a clarification of the concept of “Constitution”. In the Basque Country this concept will acquire political significance in the eighteenth century, so the will of the people can be interpreted in legislation that has been forged throughout history, in the excerpts. The United Kingdom also had such a regulation, which consisted of a set of decisions taken by Parliament. On the contrary, at the end of the 18th century, constitutions of different roots will be created, first in France and then in Spain. Until then, it was the constitutions that became the guillotine and the founder of a new nation, the basis of the uniform state. The clash between the General Boards of the Basque territories and the Parliament of Spain is clear. Agirreazkuenaga has analyzed the debates and aspirations for conciliation that have emerged in the coming decades, and says that since 1839 this issue was understood as a “Basque problem”.A large majority of the political

elite acted in favor of the outbreaks, each from their vertices, be they liberal or Carlist. The excerpts were, to put it another way, the style of Basque nationality. When in 1876 the outbreaks were suppressed, the “double nationalism”, the Spanish and Basque being, lost meaning. This initial

episode summarises well one of the main objectives of the Agirreazkuenaga trial: “In our society, the past shows its gravitational force. In short, organizations are tied by chains. They're not isolated elements out of time. For this reason, it is essential to know what the eyes of the chain of Basque institutions have been”