Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Locomotive Act 1865: ideia ona garai txarrean

1865eko Locomotive Act delakoak derrigortuta, ibilgailuek hiru pertsona eraman behar zituzten gutxienez, eta horietako batek bandera gorri bat astindu behar zuen, ibilgailua zetorrela jakinarazteko.
1865eko Locomotive Act delakoak derrigortuta, ibilgailuek hiru pertsona eraman behar zituzten gutxienez, eta horietako batek bandera gorri bat astindu behar zuen, ibilgailua zetorrela jakinarazteko.National Motor Museum UK

Erresuma Batua, 1865. The Locomotive Act, hau da, mekanikoki propultsatutako ibilgailuen erabilera arautzeko legea promulgatu zuten.  Ez zen hura motordun ibilgailuei buruzko lehen araudia, baina 1861ekoa zaharkitua geratu zelakoan egin zuten berria. 1861eko zirkulazio legeak hamabi tonako eta orduko hamasei kilometroko muga ezarri zien ibilgailu mekanikoei. Hala ere, automobilgintza industria jaioberriaren mesedetan araudi laxoagoa prestatu beharrean, 1865eko legeak askoz neurri zorrotzagoak ezarri zituen.

Abiadura mugak izugarri murriztu zituzten: 3 km/h hiriguneetan eta 6 km/h herri arteko errepideetan. Dena den, abiadura muga horiek ez ezarrita ere, ibilgailuek ezin zuten askoz azkarrago ibili, legearen arau zorrotz eta ezagunena betez gero.

Autopropultsatutako ibilgailu bakoitzak, derrigorrez, hiru pertsonaz osatutako taldea behar zuen: bata, gidaria; bestea, sugina edo ikatz botatzailea, 1885ean gasolina bidezko lehen konbustio motorraz zebilen automobila asmatu baino lehen ibilgailuak lurrun motorraz baitzebiltzan; eta hirugarrena, bandera gorridun  kidea. Hirugarren hori ezin dugu berez eskifaikidetzat jo, denbora gehiago ematen baitzuen oinez ibilgailuan baino. Ibilgailu mekanikoen aurretik, 55 metroko distantzian, ibili behar zuen, bandera gorria edo eskuargia  astinduz, oinezkoek, zaldizkoek edota gurdi gidariek motordun makina arriskutsu horietako bat –batez ere gehienezko 6 km/h-ko ziztu bizian– hurbiltzen ari zela jakin zezaten. Horregatik, herritarrek “bandera gorriaren legea” esaten zioten.

Horrenbestez, zirkulazio lege zorrotzak asko moteldu zituen ibilgailu motordun berriak. Salgaien garraioari dagokionez, horrek mesede egin zion berez ere izugarri hazten ari zen ferrokarrilari. Oztopo handia izan zen, ordea, automobilgintzarentzat. Baldintza horietan ez zuen merezi motordun ibilgailu garestietan inbertsiorik egitea, eskaera izugarri murriztu zen eta, Industria Iraultzaren bihotzean, etorkizun oparoko jarduera moteldu egin zen, legea 1896an bertan behera utzi artean.

Gaur egun, Locomotive Act hura indarrean jarri eta ia mende eta erdira, OAI bideak –okupazio altuko ibilgailuentzako lerroak– ugaltzen ari dira nonahi. Legeek gutxieneko pertsona kopurua ezartzen dute bide horiek erabiltzeko. Eta, orain bai, mesedegarriak dira, ez automobil industriarentzat, baina bai ingurumenarentzat.


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