Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Rio+20: irabazleak eta galtzaileak

1972tik aurrera, hamar urtean behin, Nazio Batuen Erakundeak (NBE) Ingurumen Konferentziak antolatu ditu (1972-Estokolmon, 1982-Nairobin, 1992-Río de Janeiron, 2002-Johannesburgon, eta 2012an Río de Janeiron berriz, horregatik Rio+20). Azken gailur honen emaitzak hor daude: dokumentu ziztrin bat, Garapen Sostengarriaren Helburuak 2015erako atzeraturik eta finantziazioa eta Ingurumen Mundu Agentzia sine die.

NBE krisian dago aspalditik eta Rio+20 prozesuak egoera kritiko hori agerian jarri du. AEBek markatutako bidea mantentzen da: akordio global lotesleen aurka, estatu bakoitzak bere etxean ahal/nahi duena egitea, hobe. Paradogikoki, oso desberdina izan da, astebete aurretik Mexikon bildutako G20an erabakitakoa. Kapitalismoaren finantza-krisiak eskatzen badu 465.000 milioi dolar Europako bankuak altxarazteko, arazorik ez. Aldiz, Rio+20 akordioan 30.000 milioi (ia hamasei aldiz gutxiago) eskatzen baziren planetaren sostengarritasun politikak martxan jartzeko, hori ez zen zuzena. Hor ez dago dirua itzultzerik, beraz, ez da negoziorik egiten eta Rio+20 dokumentutik ezabatu beharra zegoen.

Europako Batasunak dioenez, Rio+20an ez bada ezer lortu ez da bere errua, hori G-77 (Hegoaldeko herrialdeak) eta batez ere BRICS (Brasil, Errusia, India, Txina eta Hegoafrika) taldearen erantzukizuna da. Herrialde horiek ekonomikoki sendoak eta hazkorrak dira eta ez dute ingurumen politiketan dirua ipini nahi, euren industriak ez direlako herrialde garatuetakoak bezain errudunak argudiatuz.

Bestalde, garrantzitsua izan da Brasilgo Gobernu anfitrioiaren jokamoldea. Desadostasun guztiak banan-banan eta buruz buru estatu bakoitzarekin negoziatzea testu onargarri bat lortu arte. Emaitza kaxkarrak eman ditu jokabide horrek. Vatikanoak berak inposatu du “emakumeen birsortze eskubideak” bertan behera gelditzea. Eta horrek Dilma Rousseff gobernuburuaren irudia nabarmen kaltetu du eta NBEren legitimitatea ere. Testu bat onarturik dago baina ez da inoren gustukoa. NBE enpatearen bila joan da eta galdu egin du. Zergatik?
Bada, konferentziaren hasieran, Gobernuz Kanpoko Erakundeen zein talde ekologisten arteko banaketa argi zegoen. Batzuek (erradikalak) ez genuen onartzen Kapitalismo Berdearen bidea eta beste batzuentzat (posibilistak) aukera bat zen kapitalismo marroi edo zikinetik alde egiteko. Bukaeran, emaitzak ikusirik, ez dago politika berririk, berba hutsak baizik eta horretan gizarte zibil globalaren aktore gehienak ados gaude: ez da berba egiteko unea, hitzak eta promesak soberan daude. Ekintzak eta aldaketak behar ditugu. hogei urte pasa dira eta egoera sozio-ekologikoa okerrera doa, beraz, batzeko unea da analisi eta alternatiba komunekin, Herrien Gailurrean gertatu den moduan.

Ez du zentzu handirik Ekonomia Berdea edo Garapen Sostengarria zer den eztabaidatzen jarraitzeak, ikus dezagun zertan ari diren gobernuak eta enpresak (lokalak, erregionalak, nazionalak ala internazionalak) egiten eta horren arabera egin dezagun kritika eta antola ditzagun ekintzak. Brasilen ikusi dugunez, Txinan eta Indian bezala, txiro askorekin batera, multimilionarioak daude. Eta, Europan gero eta pobretutako jende gehiago ere. Beraz, ahantz ditzagun herrialde kategoria horiek eta batu ditzagun indarrak bestelako mundu sostengarri baten alde.


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