Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Biriketako hauspoak ez badu aski indarrik

Zer ote da BGBK edo biriketako gaixotasun buxatzaile kronikoa? Aireari biriketara sartzen eta ondoren kanpora ateratzen uzten ez dion etengabeko buxadura edo obstrukzioari esaten diote medikuek horrela. Arnasa hartzeko traba edo zailtasun kronikoa besterik ez, edonork ulertzeko moduan esanda. 40 urtetik 70era bitarteko gizonezkoen %9k gutxi gorabehera jasaten duten gaitz horrek ondorio ekonomiko larriak ditu, urtean hamar milioi kontsulta eragiten baititu osasun-zentroetan, 1.400.000 egonaldi ospitaletan, eta 2.100 milioi eurotik gorako kostua.

Zerk sortzen du BGBK?

Bronkitis kronikoak eta enfisemek, batik bat. Bronkitisa kronikotzat jotzen da eztula egiterakoan mukia botatzen denean, urtean hiru hilabetez gutxienez, jarraian ez badira ere, eta ondoz ondoko bi urtetan edo gehiagotan. Enfisema, berriz, airea biriketan atxikita geratzearen ondorioa da, biriketako albeoloen paretak suntsitzeraino. Eta zergatik sortzen dira bi gaitz horiek, bronkitisa eta enfisema alegia? Erretzeagatik, batez ere, eta pertsona batek erretzen daraman denborak eta erretako tabako-kopuruak harreman zuzena dute gaitzaren agerpenarekin. Badira beste eragile batzuk ere (ingurugiroko keak eta hautsak, behin eta berriz errepikatzen diren arnas infekzioak) edo baita joera hereditarioa ere, baina tabakoa da BGBK agertzearen errudun nagusia.

Zeintzuk dira gaitzaren seinaleak?

Esan bezala, gaitza 50 urtetik aurrera agertzen da normalean, eta aurreneko susmoa mukia –batez ere goizetan jaikitzerakoan– kanporatzen duen etengabeko eztul zakarra da. Berehala azalduko da itomen-sentsazioa; hasieran, eskailerak igotzean edo ibiltzerakoan, geroago atsedenean ere bai. Arnasterakoan esfortzu handiagoa egin behar da, saihets-hezurren arteko espazioak hondoratu egiten dira, eta baita klabikula gainak ere, eta besoak aulki baten gainean bermatu beharra dauzka gaixoak arnasa errazago hartzeko. Luzarora zianosia agertuko da: azalak kolore urdin-morea hartzen du, ezpain, belarri eta hatz-puntetan batez ere.

Larria al da gaitza?

Gaitza nahiko larritzat har dezakegu, kronikoa eta progresiboa delako –zertxobait arintzea ere gerta daitekeen arren–, eta azkenean arnasa hartzeko ezintasuna dakarkiolako gaixoari. Oso usua da arnas infekzio baten ondorioz –hotzeria edo gripea, esaterako– egoerak okerrera egitea, edota pneumonia batekin konplikatzea. Bihotzak ere normalean baino lan gehiago egin behar du biriketara odola iritsarazteko. Adituen kalkulu eta estimazioen arabera, urte gutxi barru hirugarren heriotza-arrazoia izango da biriketako gaixotasun buxatzaile kronikoa, gaixotasun kardiobaskularren eta minbiziaren atzetik.

Nola prebenitu?

Garrantzitsuena ez erretzea da. Erretzaileek eztula eta mukia batera dituztenean, beraz, bere medikuari kontsultatu beharko diote, honek tratamendu egokia jar diezaien, erretzailearen ohiko eztul gogaikarria besterik ez dela pentsatu ordez. Gaixotasunak aurrera egin ez dezan, erretzeari utzi behar zaio, noski, eta konplikazioei aurre hartzeko gripearen eta pneumoniaren kontra txertatzea da, gaur gaurkoz, neurririk egokiena. Kirurgia ere kontuan hartu beharreko posibilitatea izan daiteke BGBKaren kasu larrietan, enfisemak eragindako itomen-sentsazioak bestelako tratamenduekin hobera egiten ez duenean, batez ere.


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