Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Mundu Berriko gotzainaren gehiegikeria zaharrak

Durango, 1537. “Orayn bada ene arrebea deunczua alaan yçango çara paradisuan alcarr dacuscula”. Halaxe zioen Frai Juan Zumarraga (1468-1548) Mexikoko lehen gotzainak sendiari handik bidalitako gutunaren pasarte batek.

Euskal Herrian sorginkeria jazartzen luzaroan aritu ondoren, Abrojoko (Espainia) fraide etxeko zaindari izendatu zuten. 1527an Karlos I.a erregeak Aste Santua komentu horretan ematea erabaki zuen, eta fraide durangarra ezagutu zuenean, Espainia Berrian zituen arazo larriak arintzeko pertsona egokia izango zela erabaki zuen. 1528an Espainia Berriko lehen gotzain izendatu zuen, eta, bere amona Elisabet I.a Katolikoaren testamentua gogoan, Indiarren Babesle titulua ere eman zion.

Mexikoko lehen ospitalea sortu zuen, inprenta Amerikara eramaten lehena izan zen, bi eskola sortu zituen eta unibertsitatea sortzeko kudeaketak abiatu zituen. Amerikako lehen liburutegia ere bere aginduz zabaldu zuten Mexiko Hiriko San Francisco komentuan. Zumarragak berak lau doktrina liburu idatzi zituen gazteleraz, eta prosazko euskarazko testurik zaharrenetakoa, arestian aipatutako eskutitza, hari zor diogu. Halaber, tradizio katolikoaren arabera, hari zor diogu, neurri batean, Guadalupeko Amari Mexikon dioten debozioa, bera izan omen baitzen ama birjinaren agerketen lekuko eta berme nagusia (Frai Juan berak bere idatzietan halakorik aipatu ez arren).

Zumarragaren merituen zerrenda ia hagiografiko hori kontuan hartuta, ez da harritzekoa Paulo III.a Aita Santuak durangarra mailaz igotzea: 1547an, Mexikoko lehen artzapezpiku izendatu zuen.
Baina Indiarren Babesle gisa zegokion lanean ez zuen horrenbeste merezimendurik bildu. Amerikako lehen liburutegia sortu zuenak, ohitura eta erlijio indigenei buruzko milaka testu erretzeko agindua eman zuen. Indigenen babesle ofizialak hainbat indiar esklabo hartu zituen bere zerbitzura. 1536 eta 1543 artean inkisidore apostoliko kargua bere eskuetan izan zuen, eta urte horietan 183 auzi zabaldu zituen auzipetuei “sinistun” ez izatea leporatuta. Gehienak beren sinesmenei eusten zieten indiarrak ziren.

Frai Juan Zumarragaren eginbeharretako bat indiarren aurkako gehiegikeriak salatzea zen, baina, azkenean, bera izan zen babestu behar zituen horien aurkako abusuengatik salaketak jaso zituena. 34, hain zuzen.
 


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