Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Ezkontzaren aitzakiaz

Munich, 1810eko urriaren 12a. Luis I.a Bavariako printzea eta Teresa Saxonia-Altenburgeko printzesa ezkondu ziren. Besteak beste, zaldi lasterketa antolatu zuten hiriko harresien alboko zelai batean, handik aurrera Theresienwiese izenez ezagun egingo zen eremuan. Ezkontzaren ospakizunak urriaren 17ra arte luzatu ziren urte hartan.

1825ean, Maximiliano I.a hil zenean, Luis I.a izendatu zuten Bavariako errege. 1848ko Iraultzaren ondoren, bere seme Maximiliano II.aren mesedetan abdikatu zuen. Teresa emaztea 1854an hil zen, eta Luis, 1868an. Bederatzi seme-alaba izan zituzten. Baina ezkontza hark askoz ondorengo gehiago izan zituen.

1810eko ospakizunak izan zuen arrakastak bultzatuta, hurrengo urtean nekazaritza azoka antolatu zuten zelai horretan –egun oraindik eutsi egiten diote tradizio horri–, sektorea sustatzeko asmoz. 1819an Municheko agintariek euren gain hartu zuten jaialdia antolatzeko ardura, eta Oktoberfest urtero antolatzeko erabaki ofiziala hartu zuten. Aurrerago, ospakizunak luzatzea –gaur egun 16-18 egun irauten du jaialdiak– eta aurreratzea erabaki zuten, egunak luzeagoak eta epelagoak baitira irailean.

1880an 400dik gora postu osatzen zuten azoka, gehienek garagardoa saltzen zuten eta, lehenengoz, argindarrak argitu zuen jaialdia. Hurrengo urtean bratwurst saltxitxen saltokiak jarri zituzten, eta garagardoa kristalezko litroko pitxerretan banatzen hasi ziren 1892an. 1910ean, Oktoberfestek 100 urte bete zituenean, 120.000 litro garagardo kontsumitu zituzten.

Baina jaialdia ez zen etenik gabe hazi. 1854an utzi zuten lehenengoz bertan behera, kolerak hiriko 3.000 biztanle hil ondoren. 1866an Austriaren eta Prusiaren arteko gerrak eten zuen festa, eta 1870ean, Frantzia eta Prusiaren artekoak. Hiru urte geroago berriro ere kolerak galarazi zuen. Lehen Mundu Gerrak iraun artean ere ez zen burutu, eta 1924 eta 1924 urteetan inflazioak eragin zuen etenaldia. Hitlerrek hauteskundeak irabazi zituenean, 1933an, Bavariako bandera zuri-urdina esbastikak ordezkatu zuen Oktoberfesten. Eta Bigarren Mundu Gerran ez zen ez banderarik ez festarik izan. Guztira, 24 urtetan huts egin du.

Oktoberfestek, gaur egun, sei milioi eta erdi bisitari inguru biltzen ditu urtero, eta zazpi milioi litro garagardo baino gehiago kontsumitzen dituzte 42 hektareako eremuan.


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