Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Errentaren gaineko lehen zerga

Piero di Cosimo de Mediciren (1416-1469) garaian ezarri zen Florentzian errentaren gaineko zerga. Piero mezenas eta arte bildumagile ezaguna izan zen. Kasualitate hutsa?
Piero di Cosimo de Mediciren (1416-1469) garaian ezarri zen Florentzian errentaren gaineko zerga. Piero mezenas eta arte bildumagile ezaguna izan zen. Kasualitate hutsa?Agnolo Bronzino

Florentzia, 1427. Castato (katastro) izeneko erregistroa ezarri zen lurren jabetza kontrolatzeko. Eta erregistro horretan oinarrituta, historian lehen aldiz, errentaren gaineko zerga ezarri zuten. Hala, Erdi Aroko zerga sistema hautsi zuten, aro horretan zerga guztiak zeharkakoak baitziren.

Zerga horren arabera, Florentziako familia buru guztiek, hiru urtean behin, “errenta aitorpena” egin behar zuten, hau da, beren ondasunei buruzko txosten bat aurkeztu behar zuten. Txostenak familiaren diru sarrerak, jabetzak eta zorrak jaso behar zituen, eta familiaren kide kopurua ere kontuan hartzen zen.

Gaurko errenta aitorpenetan ez bezala, eta esperimentu berria zelako beharbada, ordaintzaileek errenta txostenetan kexak, eskaera pertsonalak edo iradokizunak eransteko aukera zuten. Zerga progresiboa zen, alegia, zenbat eta errenta edo mozkin handiagoa, orduan eta gehiago ordaindu behar zuten hiritarrek. Bestalde, zorioneko salbuespenak edo arintzeak ere hasieratik ezarri zituzten, esaterako, higiezinen edo artelanen gainean.

Italiar quattrocentoan arteak garrantzi handia hartu zuen, besteak beste, mezenasgoak artistei eman zien babes ekonomikoari esker. Hain zuzen, Florentzia izan zen mezenasgoa hedatu zen eta arteak eztanda egin zuen hiri nagusietakoa. Eta Medicitarrak, hiriko familia boteretsueneko kideak, horretan nabarmendu ziren, besteak beste, Michelangelo Buonarrotti, Donatello eta Fra Angelico diruz lagunduta. Cosimo de Medicik (1389-1464) sendiaren dinastia politikoa fundatu zuen eta Ufizzi galeria ezaguna eraikiarazi zuen. Piero semeari osasun ahulak ez zion aginte politikoan eragin handirik izaten utzi, baina mezenas eta bildumagile garrantzitsua izan zen.

Gizartearen garapen kulturala bultzatzeko ala errentaren gaineko zerga arintzeko ahalegina zen? Arteak zergak arintzen zituelako egin ziren artezale? Ala artezale zirelako erabaki zuten artea zerga-aringarri izatea?


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