Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Zi, ezkur, kuzkur

landareak
Ezkurra, Quercus ilex.Phil Sellens-CC By Sa
Zarata mediatikoz beteriko garai nahasiotan, merkatu logiketatik urrun eta irakurleengandik gertu dagoen kazetaritza beharrezkoa dela uste baduzu, ARGIA bultzatzera animatu nahi zaitugu. Geroz eta gehiago gara, jarrai dezagun txikitik eragiten.

Intxaur eta gingil-hur bezala hur hitzetik etorriko da, noski edo, ezkur. Zi edo kuzkur ere deitzen den ezkurra. Hurra bezala ezkurra ere berebiziko jatena zen garai batean. Txerria, etxeko animalia gustukoena izateaz gain, gure aurrekoak gozo eta gori mantendu dituen lauhankakoa da. Harizti ederrik mantentzen duen Ultzama eta inguruetako bailaretan ezkurrari “pasto” deitzen diote, bazka alegia. Txerria bitarteko, ezkurra urdai bihurtuta gure bazkaren gozagarria egiten zen, urte osorako! Ezkur guztia ez zen, ordea, txerriaren urdailean ehotzen.

Erromatarrak Iberiara iritsi ziren garaiko errotetan aurkitutako irin arrastoak aztertu dituzte. Analision arabera irinaren %44 Quercus generoko ezkurrena da, eta %33 besterik ez laboreena. Quercus generoan haritza (Q. robur) eta artea (Q. ilex) aipatzen dira, batik bat, baina geurean ametza (Q. pyrenaica), abaritza (Q. coccifera), artelatza (Q. suber), haritz kandugabea (Q. petraea), ametz ilaunduna (Q. humilis) eta erkametza (Q. faginea) ezkur emaileak ezin ahantzi.

Euskaldunon urdailak ere ezkurra beratu eta ehotzea zer den badaki. Asiatik abiatu eta Mediterraneotik barrena lurra lantzen erakutsi zigun Neolitoa iristerako ezkurretik ederki tirako zuten euskaldunon haginek. Hemen baba eta ezkurrarekin egindako ogia jango zen garaian, garia eta beste laboreak mizkinzale mainatsuenen gutizia garestia izango ziren. Jende txiroarena zen, baita ere, zekalearekin egindako otasa eta, erromatarren bisitaren ondoren, gaztaina-irinezko ogia. Ameriketako bueltara arte ere ohikoa izango zen artatxiki-irinezko ogia. Joan-etorri honen ondorengoa artoa, arto-irinezko artoa edo opila.

Ezkurrera bueltatuz, Estrabonek duela 2.000 urte idatzi zuen hemen urtearen hiru laurdenetarako nahikoa jaki izaten zutela ezkurrarekin, eta haren irinez iraupen luzeko ogia egiten zutela. Garai bertsuan, Pliniok ere hemengo ezkur irinezko gozokiak aipatzen ditu. Espainian barrena oraindik ezkur ogia topatu daiteke, baita ezkur likorea ere. Hemen jakintza hori erabat galdu dugulakoan nago. Garai batean ezkurren artean gozoak, mikatzak, gaziak, eta abar ederki bereiziko genituen. Arteen artean, adibidez, mikatza da Quercus ilex subsp ilex azpiespeziearen alea, gozoa aldiz Quercus ilex subsp ballota azpiespeziearena.


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