The new Constitution was adopted in referendum on 18 June with 96.91% votes in favour. On 22 July, the transitional president of Assimi Goïta Mali formalised the new constitution and initiated the Fourth Republic of Mali.
The language issue is one of the most prominent parts of the constitution: The Frenchman has lost his official language, has remained a 'working language' and the official languages of the country have become thirteen languages of Mali, with the aim of 'strengthening and promoting' the local language. As TRT Africa received, this change came about as sentiments against France grew in West Africa, as a result of the “political and military interference” of the French State in Africa.
Uwa, kamsá, tukuná, uitoto, tikun, embera, nasa/yuwe, nuka, sikuani, siano, macuna, yuruti, kichwa, achagua, bora, truncar. These are some of the languages spoken in Colombia. Unfortunately, when I lived in Colombia, in Cundinamarca, I did not have the opportunity to learn our... [+]
Marfa, 1954. At Blackwell Elementary School in this Texas desert village, children were forced to participate in a peculiar ceremony. The teachers distributed pieces of paper to them and asked them to write: “I will not speak Spanish, neither at school nor at rest.” They put... [+]
Her daughter learns to play the ukulele. He once acted with Somewhere over the rainbow notes. The author of this version was Israel Kamakawiwo?ole. As you see, Mr Israel’s last name is quite special to us. So special that “Cira, this is not an English surname, maybe behind... [+]
A few years ago, I wrote a little book about Tene Mujika, which is called Udazken Argitan. When I started doing that biographical essay, I met our protagonist today, Mr. Watson Kirkconnell. In 1928, Kirkconnell published a nice book of European Elect anthology, which included... [+]
A few months ago, I read a very interesting book. National thougth in Europe. A cultural history, by Joep Leerssen, in Catalan version (El pensament nacional Europa, Editorial Afers, 2019). It explains how Europe developed national thinking or, in other words, the national... [+]
The mystery of the origin of the Basque country has intensified with the hand of Irulegi. For me, the discussions on this hand are being nice, because we reiterate that history sometimes flees from the logic we establish from the present and is as human as the people who... [+]