Mulleres etruscas nos ollos gregos
Grecia, a.C. Século IV. Varios pensadores gregos, como Aristóteles ou Heraklides, escribiron sobre os etruscos, recollendo unha opinión negativa sobre o pobo que vivía no centro e norte da península italiana. As mulleres etrurianas foron especialmente criticadas e o historiador Teoponpo foi o máis cru.
“Entre os Tirrenos [os etruscos] era costume gozar das mulleres entre todos, as mulleres coidaban moito o corpo e facían ximnasia con frecuencia xunto aos homes, pero tamén entre eles; para eles non é un deshonor estar do todo. Ademais, acoden aos banquetes acompañados dos seus maridos ou de calquera outro home, e tópanse coa saúde de quen queiran. Din moito e teñen boa aparencia. Crecen a todos os nenos que nacen sen saber quen é o pai de cada un; os nenos, despois, retomarán a vida de quen lles educaron, a miúdo bébedos e fusionándose con todas as mulleres. Para os tirrenos non é vergoñoso ter relacións públicas [sexo]”.
Desde a mirada actual, para moitos o texto de Teoponpo podería ser encomiado, pero para el, e para os gregos en xeral, as etruscas eran exemplo de maldade e inmoralidad
Desde a mirada actual, para moitos o texto de Teoponpo podería ser encomiado, pero para el, e para os gregos en xeral, as mulleres etruscas eran exemplo de maldade e inmoralidad. Nos dous ou tres séculos anteriores os etruscos foron inimigos dos gregos na península italiana, o que pode explicar a inquietude dos gregos. Pero a actitude cara ás mulleres tiña raíces máis profundas.
O status das mulleres etruscas era similar ao dos homes. Participaban en actividades públicas e as mulleres gregas carecían de liberdade e condición social. Acompañaban aos homes ás festas e banquetes e bebían alcol. Podían ser donos de escravos e bens, xestionar actividades produtivas e as súas tumbas eran tan ricas (ou pobres) como as dos homes. Os escritos recibían os seus nomes, a diferenza de Grecia. En Grecia, e tamén en Roma, as mulleres anónimas debían tomar o nome do pai e do marido.
Os romanos adquiriron moitas características da cultura etrusca: loitas de gladiadores, símbolos de poder, modelos urbanísticos… Pero en canto ao status das mulleres, apostaron polo modelo grego.
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