Spanish inquisition blackened by smoke
- Languedoc (Occitania) 1184. The Inquisition was created to fight the heresy of cataracts. From there it extended to other European countries to fight other “heretics” as well.
However, the tendency to burn sinners in flames was driven by Pope Gregory IX half a century later, inspired by German tradition. And yet, the Spanish Inquisition became the paradigm of the organization, for its duration much more than in other countries; it began its activity in the Kingdom of Aragon in 1249, but it was officially founded in 1478, when it joined Castile. Until 1821 it would not be canceled.
It is difficult to know the number of victims of the Spanish Inquisition. In 1822, the General Secretary of the Inquisition, Juan Antonio Llorente, gave the following data: the organization processed 341,021 people from 1478, of which 31.912 were burned in flames. But most historians agree that these numbers are swollen and in the attempt to distinguish between myth and reality. One of the most widespread myths is that of fire, which went beyond the Atlantic. No one doubts that at the end of the 17th century the “witches” of Salem (EE.UU.) They were killed in flames and hanged. Most of those condemned by the Spanish Inquisition were also hanged and executed by other methods.
According to another estimate made in the 19th century, in the period of greatest activity of the Santa Inquisition, between 1480 and 1530 – approximately during the reign of Torquemada – the deaths were around 10,000. For Hispanist Henry Kamen this is mathematically impossible, given the Castilian population of the time, which would have meant the total failure of the economy of the Kingdom. According to historian Joseph Pérez, in 350 years the organization prosecuted some 125,000 people for these facts. Gustav Henningsen estimates that 3.5% of them were sentenced to death and more than half of them were burned in flames. Thus, in round numbers, the Spanish Inquisition condemned 4,500-5,000 people to death, of which some 2,000 were killed by suffocation. However, it is impossible to know how many died before the sentence, under torture or under poor conditions.
These revisionist studies are not intended to whitewash the activity of the organization. Numbers and methods, the Spanish Inquisition was a bloodthirsty and cruel organ of repression and control that caused thousands of deaths and many more injustices.
Copenhagen, 18 December 1974 At 12 noon a ferry arrived at the port, from where a group of about 100 Santa Claus landed. They brought a gigantic geese with them. The idea was to make a kind of “Trojan Goose” and, upon reaching the city, to pull the white beard costumes... [+]
Tennessee (United States), 1820. The slave Nathan Green is born, known as Nearest Uncle or Nearest Uncle. We do not know exactly when he was born and, in general, we have very little data about him until 1863, when he achieved emancipation. We know that in the late 1850s Dan... [+]
New York, 1960. At a UN meeting, Nigeria’s Foreign Minister and UN ambassador Jaja Wachucu slept. Nigeria had just achieved independence on 1 October. Therefore, Wachuku became the first UN representative in Nigeria and had just taken office.
In contradiction to the... [+]
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have discovered several cylinders with inscriptions at the present Syrian Reservoir, the Tell Umm-el Marra. Experts believe that the signs written in these pieces of clay can be alphabetical.
In the 15th century a. The cylinders have... [+]
London 1928. At the Victoria and Albert Museum there was a very special painting: in the painting there is a black man, with wig and Levite, surrounded by books and scientific instruments. Thus it was catalogued in the Museum: “Unique satirical portrait representing a failed... [+]
Ethiopia, 24 November 1974. Lucy's skeleton was found in Hadar, one of the oldest traces of human ancestors. The Australian hominid of Australopithecus afarensis is between 3.2 and 3.5 million years old.
So they considered it the ancestor of species, the mother of all of us. In... [+]
A group of archaeologists from the University of Berkeley, California, USA. That is, men didn't launch the lances to hunt mammoths and other great mammals. That was the most widespread hypothesis so far, the technique we've seen in movies, video games ...
But the study, published... [+]
Zamora, late 10th century. On the banks of the Douro River and outside the city walls the church of Santiago de los Caballeros was built. The inside capitals of the church depict varied scenes with sexual content: an orgy, a naked woman holding the penis of a man… in the... [+]
Born 7 November 1924. A group of anarchists broke into Bera this morning to protest against the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and to begin the revolution in the Spanish state.
Last October, the composition of the Central Board was announced between the displaced from Spain... [+]
A group of interdisciplinary researchers from the Free University of Berlin and the Zuse Institute have developed a complex mathematical model to better understand how Romanization spread in North Africa.
According to a study published in the journal Plos One, the model has... [+]
Washington (EE.UU. ), 1807. The US Constitution banned transatlantic slave trade. This does not mean that slavery has been abolished, but that the main source of the slaves has been interrupted. Thus, slave women became the only way to “produce” new slaves.
So in 1845, in... [+]
While working at a site in the Roman era of Normandy, several archaeology students have recently made a curious discovery: inside a clay pot they found a small glass jar, of which women used to bring perfume in the 19th century.
And inside the jar was a little papelite with a... [+]
Japan, 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States launched an atomic bomb causing tens of thousands of deaths in Hiroshima and Nagasaki; although there are no precise figures, the most cautious estimates indicate that at least 210,000 people died at the end of that year. But in... [+]
Born 2 October 1968. A few months earlier, the student movement started on June 22 organized a rally in the Plaza de las Tres Cultura, in the Nonoalco-Tlatelolco unit of the city. The students gathered by the Mexican army and the paramilitary group Olympia Battalion were... [+]