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XIX. mendeko irakasle erreferentea

  • Bizkaiko Irakasle Eskolan erreferente izan zen Juliana Agirrezabala. Ahanzturan eror ez dadin, Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskolako areto nagusiari haren izena jarri zioten 2011n Leioako campusean, eta Jose Maria Otermin kazetariak XIX. mendeko ekintzailea berreskuratu du bere liburuetan.

Juliana Agirrezabala Pagola, Somorrostro blogetik hartutako irudian.
Juliana Agirrezabala Pagola, Somorrostro blogetik hartutako irudian.

Juliana Agirrezabala Pagola 1854ko abuztuaren 17an jaio zen, Amezketan. Hamar seme-alabetan bigarrena, nerabea zelarik Bilbora joan zen bizitzera, familia osoarekin. Toledon (Espainia) egin zituen irakasle ikasketak, eta amaitu orduko plaza lortu zuen bertan, 1891n. Urtebetera, Bilbon eskolaurreko plaza bat lortu zuen, oposizio bidez –bere bizitzan lau oposiziotara aurkeztu eta lauetan Bikain atera zuen–, eta gutxira Bilboko Irakasle Eskolan hasi zen. 1908an ikastetxeko zuzendari izendatu zuten eta postu horretan hil zen, 1912an. Agirrezabalak bizitza osoa eskaini zion Maistren Goi Mailako eskolari.

Borroka handia egin zuen eskola Solokoetxeko lokaletara aldatu zezaten eta hil zen urte berean lortu zuen Bizkaiko Foru Aldundiak eskaria onartzea. Ordura arte, Merced kaleko pisu txiki batean eta Gordoniz kaleko hotel batean eman behar izan zituzten klaseak, errentan.

Haren bizitza luze-zabal ikertu du Jose Maria Otermin kazetari eta idazle amezketarrak. Herriaren historiari buruzko hiru liburu argitaratu ditu dagoeneko eta laugarrenarekin ari da orain lanean. Horietarako dokumentazio bila izan du Juliana Agirrezabalaren berri. Aztertu dituen dokumentuei esker dakigu, adibidez, Valladoliden (Espainia) irakaskuntzaz egin zituzten hainbat ekitaldiren ahotsa eta antolatzailea izan zela eta Tolstoi idazle errusiarrak sortutako eskola eredua izan zuela hizpide. Ikasle bakoitzak berezko duena askatasunez bilatzean zetzan Tolstoiren eskola eredua. “Irakasle ororen zeregina da molde eta errutina apurtzeko beharra sorraraztea ikasleengan”, zioen Agirrezabalak.

Ikaskuntza metodoez diharduen Conversaciones instructivas y morales liburuan (Ana María Molinero, 1896) ere hartu zuen parte; hitzaurrea idatzi zuen. Liburuak arrakasta handia izan zuen irakasle eta hezitzaileen artean eta urtebeteren buruan bigarren edizioa kaleratu zuten.

Oterminen hitzetan, irakaskuntzan eta pedagogian egin zuen lana da amezketarraren alderdirik aipagarriena, baita bere jaioterriko kultura eta kultura unibertsala uztartzeko ahalegina ere. Garaiko hezkuntza munduan erreferente izateaz gain, idazten ere oso iaioa zela nabarmendu du kazetariak. Euskal hemerotekan 1902 eta 1903 urteetan kaleratu zen euskarazko Ibaizabal aldizkarian, Juliana Agirrezabalaren hainbat argitalpen aurki daitezke, batez ere irakaskuntzari lotuta. Nahiz eta gaztetan Bizkaira joan zen, haren lanetan gipuzkera nagusi dela aipatu digu Oterminek.

Areto bat Agirrezabalaren omenez

2011n, Leioako Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskola berria inauguratzearekin batera omenaldia egiteko asmoz, eraikineko areto nagusiari Juliana Agirrezabala izena ipini zioten. Hezkuntzaren historia ikertzen duen Garaian taldea dago erabaki horren atzean, Irakasleen Eskolako zuzendari eta Garaian taldeko kide Gurutze Ezkurdiak dioenez, irakasle kultua eta ekintzailea baitzen amezketarra: “Maistren Goi Mailako eskolaren garrantziaz jabetu zen eta bere ekarpena izugarria izan zen, gizartea alfabetatzearen alde lan handia egin zuen”. Gaineratu duenez, gizartean oihartzun handirik izan ez arren, unibertsitate honetako ikasleek badute haren bizitzaren eta ekarpenen berri, aretoaren izena dela-eta.

Aitorren Alaba

Bitxikeria moduan, J.A. Aitorren Alaba izenez sinatu zituen artikulu asko. Oterminen iritziz, hastapenetako euskal nazionalisten artean ibili izanak bultzatu zuen sinadura hori erabiltzera. Gauza jakina da Sabino Arana eta Agirrezabala elkarlanean aritu zirela. 1895ean, hain zuzen, artikulu bat idatzi zuen Aranak, Euskal Herrian Espainiako Gobernua inposatzen ari zen hezkuntza ereduaz kexu: Protesta pedagogiko-maketila. 24 irakaslek sinatu zuten artikulua babesten, horien artean amezketarra.


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