Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Atea ireki zuen hura

  • Georg Trakl::Poemak

    Susa, 2014

Poemak, Georg Trakl.

Nor izan zen hain gazte hil zen erromantiko hura, Georg Trakl, hanka bat jadanik espresionismoan zeukana, deskripzioaren jeinua?: “Gaixoak garrasika ospitalean./ Gauak urdinxka astintzen ditu lumak./ Dirdiratsu ekin dio bat-batean/ Teilatuan behera euriak”. Mugako irudiekin eraikitako literatura muga-mugakoa da hau. Iluntzea, dementzia, udazkena eta natura erromantikoa nahasten dira ideia esperimentalagoekin, asmatzeke zegoen zerbaitekin. Beñat Sarasolak hitzaurrean azpimarratzen duen gisan, “garaiko beste hainbat artistaren lanaren antzera, Traklen poesia, helarazten duen ezinegonean, gertakariei aurreratu zitzaiela ematen du. 1914. urtean hil zen Trakl, hurrengo urte eta hamarkadetan etorriko ziren zorigaitzen atarian”. Iraultza estetiko baten atea ireki zutenetakoa izan zen beraz. Literatura alemaniarrean berak egin zien bide Bertolt Brecht, Paul Celan eta enparauei. Rainer Maria Rilkek Traklen heriotzan esan omen zuen: “Wer mag er gewesen sein? Nor izan ote zen?”. Bada, garai berrien eta zaharren arteko zubi izan zen idazle efimero bat baino ez. Baina halako obra labur batek gauza asko gordetzen ditu. Drogek eta tristeziak halako punturaino eroan zuten idazlea, non esploratu zituen lurralde berriak, XIX. mendekoak alde batera utzita.

Lagunek aire aristokratiko bat ikusten zioten Trakli, baita bere gainbeheran ere. Austriarra izan zen kanpoko munduak gainezka egin zion bihotz noble klasiko bat, mozkortia eta drogei emana. Klasikoa da ezinbestean –hala irakatsi zioten Austria-Hungariako gustuan–, baina baita sano plastikoa eta modernoki berezia ere. Irudi distiratsuekin harritzen du irakurlea, beste errealitate bat sortuz, Rimbauden argialdi arean irrazionalen airea daukana: “Edo gauean artzainak kantari eta oreinak datozkie/ Sutondora, zuhaiztiko antzinako dolu,/ Dantzariak horma beltz batean gora;/ Eskarlatazko banderak, algarak, eromena, tronpetak”.

Poetaren barne mundua, espresioa, errealitatetik harago doa. Eta barne mundu hori zehatzagoa da inpresio iragankor bat baino. Horregatik Traklen poesiak amets baten eitea hartzen du azkenean, errealitatearena baino gehiago: “Bakartia izarpean doa/ Gauerdi isilean barrena./ Mutikoa nahasirik ari da esnatzen,/ Begitartea ilargian gris erortzen”. Poeta babesgabeak edertasuna eta obsesioak aldizkatzen ditu. Iluna eta argia da, bizitzaren alegoria itzel batean, non paisajea subjektiboa den eta dekadentea, gizakia letxi.


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