Chavez, herriaren bihotza
Ezkerreko ideologia desberdinetatik maiz entzun ditut Hugo Chavezen aurkako sasi-kritikak, haren moduak ez zituztelako gustuko. Aukeran nahiago dituzte jatorri aristokratiko eta burgeseko Salvador Allenderen modu “europarrak” edo Markos azpikomandanteak egiten dituen zurientzako diskurtsoak. Halere, kontua ez da Chavez gure gustukoa izatea, venezuelarrena baizik. Gure mentalitate inperialista mutur horietara ere ailegatu da.
Urteetan eskuineko hedabideek zein progreek erakutsi digute burges jatorria duen ezkerreko buruzagi bat gorrotatu dezaketela ideologikoki, baina zaila da hori arlo pertsonalera eta kulturalera eramatea (batzuetan goraipatu egingo dituzte pertsonaiaren gustu kulturala edota bere ezagutza maila). Chavez, aldiz, ez dute soilik ideologikoki gorrotatu, berarekiko klase gorrotoa eta arrazakeria erakutsi dituzte jatorri umilekoa izanagatik. Izan ere, badakite deskalifikazio ideologikoek soilik ez zutela funtzionatuko Chavezen aurka, herri xehea berarekin identifikatzen baita.
Botoen %36a lortu zuen Allendek. Urrun, oso urrun Chavezek lortu zituen emaitza arrakastatsuetatik. Txileko presidenteak fenotipoki, klase ikuspegitik eta kulturalki gutxiengo pribilegiatua ordezkatzen zuen, Chavezek aldiz gehiengoa islatu du. Agian horregatik aurre egin ahal izan zion hedabideen deskalifikazioari eta manipulazioari. Herriko klase apaletatik jaiotako semea zen eta hauen zerbitzura jarri zuen bere karrera politikoa. Horri esker, egungo Venezuelak ez du zerikusirik orain dela hamalau urtekoarekin. Ikusezinak ziren horiek, Chavezek ikusarazi egin ditu duintasuna, eskubideak eta botoa erabiltzeko kontzientzia emanez. Lehen hauteskunde-erroldetatik kanpo zeuden herritarrak inskribatzeko kanpainak egin dira, prozesua erraztuz eta automatizatuz.
Horrez gain, Chavez tokian tokiko erantzun eraginkorra izan da neoliberalismoaren eta inperialismoaren kontra. Hasieratik garbi izan zuen Latinoamerikako herrialde bakoitzak bere bidea urratu eta proiektu soziopolitiko propioa eraiki behar zuela. Lula, Correa, Kirchner, Castro, Morales, Mujica eta bidean topatu dituen ezkerreko agintari guztiekin –bere aliatuak– hiru puntu komun partekatu ditu beti: herrialdeen independentzia formala erreal bilakatzea, integrazio latinoamerikarra bilatzea eta klase apalenen bizi baldintza duinen aldeko borrokan aritzea.
Bestalde, hutsuneei begiratzen badiegu, Chavez kontzientea zen Venezuelaren arazoez. Golpe de Timón liburuan Ministro Kontseiluan eman zuen azkeneko hitzaldia jasotzen da. Horretan, ezkerreko agintariek eta politikariek egin ohi ez duten tamainako autokritika egin zuen: “Ez diezaiogun izan beldurrik kritikari, ezta autokritikari ere. Horrek elikatu egiten gaitu, beharrezkoa dugu”. Esan eta egin, besteak beste, honako gaiak mahai gaineratu zituen: klientelismoaren eta chavismoaren inguruan hazitako burgesiaren arriskuak; egitura komunitario sendoen falta eta beharra; jabego soziala eta egitura ekonomiko berria bultzatzearen premia; ustelkeriaren arazoa eta gobernuaren eraginkortasun falta; eta, agintarien eta herritarren arteko harremanak kritikatu zituen hertsiagoak izan zitezen.
Halere, arazoak arazo, erronkak erronka, Chavezek Venezuelan lortu duen eraldakuntza soziala, ekonomikoa eta kulturala sekulakoa izan da, gauzak aldatu daitezkeela frogatu du eta hori ez da gutxi.
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