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monday 10 february 2025
Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Itzulerari pultsua

  • Itzulera baten historia.
    Martin Ugalde.
    Elkar, 1990.
Aritz Galarraga
18 September 2012
Martin Ugalderen idazle kasua da bitxia. Begiratzen dituzu manualak, eta exilioko idazletzat hartzen dute askok. Hain estrainioa ez dena, bidenabar: exilioan idatzi zuen bere euskarazko literaturaren zati inportante bat, batez ere antzerkia eta ipuina; besteak beste, euskarazko lehen ipuin bilduma moderno gisa hartu izan den Iltzalleak. Baina 1990ean, aspaldi Euskal Herrian, argitaratu zuen Ugaldek exilioarekin zuzen lotuta dagoen eleberri bat, exilioaren ifrentzu den itzulera gaitzat hartzen duena. Eta, ifrentzu guztien antzera, exilioaren itzalpean geratzen denez itzulera, bakan izateagatik merezi du arreta Ugalderen Itzulera baten historia eleberriak.

Venezuelatik Euskal Herrira datorren neskatxa narratzaile, bitartean eta bertan gertatzen zaizkionak kontatzen dizkigu, bizipide pertsonal baina era berean unibertsal izan daitekeen batean: nahiak eta ezinak, ametsak eta eguneroko gordinak, kontatu dizkiotenak eta benetan direnak, gero egiatan aurkitzen dituenak. Gurasoen aberria ez da erdia, ez berea, ez jada gurasoena; itzulerak ez dakar erabateko poztasuna, ez etxekoen batasuna, ez bada utzitakoaren nostalgia gazia. Itzulerako barkua hartzen denean ez baita bukatzen exilioa. Inoiz bukatuko balitz, gaitzerdi. Eta gero daude gutarrak, ez denak uste bezain aingeruak. Ai, gutarrak: “Ikusten da jende txarra dela; geure jendea bada ere”.

Eta eleberriak ematen duen aberriaren kontzepzioak egiten du kirrinka gehien. Narratzailearen aitaren aberria da arrazista: “Venezuelan normala zen ahaidekoren bat beltza izatea, baina ez hemen; aitatxori askotan entzun nion argudio hau Euskal Herria goraipatzerakoan”. Eta aita bera da matxista: “Zer pena zu geure familiako gizonezko nagusia ez izatea!”, diotso alaba narratzaileari. Aipatu gabe familia tradizionalaren baloreek estutzen dutela hemen bizitza. Luze gabe aitak, heriotza, nahi luke “geure lurrean gertatzea, seme edo alabaren bat ezkonduta ikusi eta bilobaren bat ezagutu eta gero”. Amen.

Herrenak aipatzen hasita, esan, estilistikoki hautu arraro batzuk daudela: kontakizuna dago, adibidez, harridura esaldiz josia –ondo legoke guztira zenbat dauden zenbatzea–. Baina horiek kontuan hartuta ere, bakan izateagatik da irakurgarri Itzulera baten historia; hartzen diolako, fikziotik, euskal exilioaren itzulerari pultsua. Eta ondorio gisa uzten digulako sententzia bat: “Hasita nintzen pentsatzen, egiatan, neuk ez nituela inoiz aitatxok bere lurrean ikusi zituen mirariak ikusiko”. Izan ere mirariak, gauza jakina da non ematen diren.
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