Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Tritemio, kriptografo kriptikoa

Johannes Trithemius (1462-1516). Bere hilobiko erliebearen xehetasuna, Neumünster-en (Alemania).
Johannes Trithemius (1462-1516). Bere hilobiko erliebearen xehetasuna, Neumünster-en (Alemania).

Trittenheim (egungo Alemania), 1462ko otsailaren 1a. Johann Heidenberg jaio zen, jaioterria aitzakia Johannes Trithemius edo Tritemio izenez ezagun egingo zen abade beneditarra. Haurra zela hil zitzaion aita, eta handik zazpi urtera ama beste gizon batekin ezkondu zen. Ugazaita haurren hezkuntza akademikoaren aurkakoa zen, eta Johannesek oztopo handiak gainditu behar izan zituen ikasteko. Latina, greziera eta hebreera ezkutuan ikasi zituen. Eta ezkutukoak eta misterioak eragin handia izango zuen haren bizitzan.

17 urterekin etxetik alde egin zuen, ikasteko grinak bultzatuta. Besteak beste, Herbehereetan eta Kolonian izan zen, eta, azkenean, Heidelbergeko Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen.

1482an, Heidelbergetik jaioterrira zihoala, elur-ekaitz batek harrapatu eta Sponheimeko abade etxe beneditarrean aurkitu zuen babesa. Hantxe geratzea erabaki zuen. Hurrengo urtean, 21 urte besterik ez zituela, Sponheimeko abade izendatu zuten. Iritsi zenean abade etxeko liburutegiak 50 bat ale besterik ez zituen; Tritemio abade zela 2.000 alera iritsi zen.

Abadeak berak ere liburutegitxoa betetzeko adinako obra mardula utzi zuen. Historia, matematikak, kimika, lexikografia... landu zituen, baita zientzia ezkutuak ere. Zenbaitentzat, gaia seriotasunez eta oinarri sendoz aztertu zuen lehena izan zelako. 1508an Polygraphiae lana amaitu zuen, klabe ezkutuei buruzko lan mardula; guztira, sei liburuki zeuzkan. Kriptografiaz gain, Johannesek magia, astrologia, alkimia... landu zituen. Baina eliza katolikoaren itzala ugazaitarena baino luzeagoa zen eta, kriptografiari buruzko inoizko lehen lan inprimatua argitaratu eta urte batzuetara, magia beltza egitea leporatu eta Polygraphiaeren ale guztiak erre zituzten.  

1506an Sponheim utzi eta Würzburgeko Done Jakue abade etxera joan zen. Hango abade izan zen hil artean.
Tritemiori buruzko datu askorik ez daukagu. Misterioa landu zuen, eta haren bizitza ere misterioz beteta dago. 1499an, Steganographia –mezuen barruan beste mezu batzuk ezkutatzeko teknikez arduratzen den kriptografiaren zatia– izenburuko trilogia prestatzen hasi zen, mende oso bat geroago argitaratu zen arren. 1990eko hamarkadan, La Roche unibertsitateko irakasle Thomas Ernstek eta Jim Reeds matematikariak, bakoitzak bere aldetik, trilogiaren hirugarren liburukiaren eduki guztia enkriptatuta dagoela ondorioztatu zuten. Sekretu gehienak azaldu gabe, klabe eta kodeak askatzeke joan zen Tritemio. Baina klabe horiek bere obran bertan egon daitezke.


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