Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Steinbeck: shock eragilea

  • Saguak eta gizonak

    John Steinbeck.

    Itzultzailea: Iñigo Errasti.

    Alberdania, 2012.
Eleberria amaitu eta zuzenean ekin behar izan diot idazteari. Laster batean irakurri ditut John Steinbecken eleberria osatzen duten 158 orrialdeak, eta amaierako kolpeak eragin didan emozio nahasketari ordena ezarri nahian nabil oraindik. Shock egoeran sentitzen naiz. Horrelakoa da Steinbeck jauna, hasieratik liluragarria eta amaieran harrigarria. Erakusten duen joera humanistak, AEBetako literaturaren zutarri garrantzitsuenen lekuan kokatzen du.

Saguak eta gizonak istorio tragikoa da, arina irakurtzeko baina irensteko zail suertatzen den horietakoa. Halakoxea agertzen baita idazle amerikarra; bortizki errealista eta engaiatua.

1929ko Beheraldi ekonomikoaren ostean, Kalifornian barrena rantxoz rantxo herraturik ibili ziren mutilen erretratua eskaintzen digu. Baina gure harridurarako, garai hartan bakardadean bidaiatzen zuten gizonen ordez, idazleak bikote berezia sortu du. Lennie, mozkote atzeratu-eskizofrenikoa, eta George, bere aspaldiko lagun eta aingeru zaindaria. Bien arteko babes erlazioan errotuz joango da eleberriaren zentzu tragikoa.

Irakurketan zehar nabaritu ditudan sentsazioei erreparatuz, eleberria bi zatitan banatuko nuke: lehen partea deskriptiboa antzeman dut, nekazal mundu maskulinoa nola egituratzen den kontatzeari ekiten baitio. Elkarrizketen nagusitasunak mota ezberdinetako pertsonaiak txertatzeko aukera ematen du, egitura sozialaren irudia marraztuz. Hala ere, pertsonaia eta espazio ezberdinen kontraste bidezko tratamendu bikainak, gizarte horretako balore ziztrinenak azaleratzen ditu. Zentzu horretan, rantxoan bertan egiten den ahul/indartsu, txuri/beltz, zahar/gazte, gizon/emakume edota barne/kanpo bereizketak, sexu zein arrazaren araberako hierarkizazio sozialaren ispilu dira.

Bigarren zatian, aldiz, ekintza kateatuek bereganatzen dute protagonismoa. Narrazioaren abiadura azkartzearekin batera tentsioa ere areagotuz doa, eta amaiera tragikoa sinbolizatzen duten elementuak izango dira nagusi. Hastapenean deskribatzen den espazio zabal eta argitsua, orain espazio itxi itogarria bilakatu da. Bertan ikusten dugu Lennie txakur jaio berriei maite-maite egiten, hala egiten baitu azal leun eta iletsua duen ororekin. Bat-batean txakurren mugimendua eten egiten da eta Lenniek ez du zergatia ulertzen, ez baitu alboan bere aingeru zaindaria.

Jarraian datozen eszenak izugarri bortitzak dira, errukitasun eta karga emotibo sakonez zipriztindurik. Lennieren heriotzara arte ez dago etenik. Kontua ez da zer gertatzen den, baizik eta nola. Nolakotasun horretan ezkutatzen baita, sentitzera gonbidatzen zaituztedan shock-aren muina.

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