Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Entomologia forensea XIII. mendeko Txinan

Duela 750 urte baino gehiago Sung T
Duela 750 urte baino gehiago Sung T"™zu epaile txinatarrak hilketa baten erruduna aurkitu zuen eulien jokabideari erreparatuta.

Hunan (Txina), 1247. Sung T’zu magistratu eta ikertzaile forenseak Xi Yuan Ji Lu (Bidegabekeriak zuzentzea) bost liburukiz osatutako bilduma argitaratu zuen. Auzitegietan epaile lanak egiteaz gain, Sung T’zuk (1186-1249) krimenen gertaleku asko zuzenean aztertu zituen, eta lehenagoko auziei bere esperientzia gehituta osatu zuen medikuntza forenseari buruzko historiako lehen tratatua. Europan, era horretako lehen lana argitaratzeko beste 350 urte baino gehiago egin behar dugu aurrera, Forturiatus Flaelis italiarrak 1602an idatzi baitzuen auzitegiko medikuntzari buruzko hurrengo liburua.

Auzitegi medikuntzaren aitatzat jotzen dena alor horren barruko hainbat espezialitatetan ere aitzindari izan zen. Esaterako, kriminalak harrapatzeko intsektu eta bestelako animalien jarduna aztertzea erabilgarria izan zitekeela uste zuen. “Hilabete beroenetan, harrak oraindik ez badira [gorputzaren] bederatzi zuloetan agertu, eta bularraldean, buruko larruazalean, lokietan eta zilborrean agertu badira, gorputz atal horiek kaltetuak daudela esan nahi du”, idatzi zuen Sung T’zuk. Eta harrei ez ezik, euliei ere erreparatzen ziela adierazten du bere lanean jasotako kasu batek. “Egun batez nekazari bat hilik agertu zen arroz sail batean, eta halakoetan maiz gertatu ohi denez, inork ez zuen gertatutakoa ikusi”. Magistratuak gorpua aztertu zuenean, arma hiltzailea arroza biltzeko erabili ohi zen igitai bat izan zela ondorioztatu zuen. Orduan, herriko nekazari guztiak bildu zituen, eta eskatu zien ilaran jartzeko eta bakoitzak aldamenean bere igitaia lurrean uzteko. Berehala nekazarietako bat jo zuen erruduntzat, “bere igitaiaren inguruan euliak jirabiraka zebiltzalako”. Igitai guztiak garbi-garbi zeuden itxuraz, baina Sung T’zuk ederki zekien odola ondo garbitzea oso zaila dela, eta giza ikusmenak antzematen ez dituen arrasto txikienak ere euli haragijaleak erakartzen dituela.

Entomologia forensea auzi batean aplikatzen hurrengoa Louis François Etienne Bergeret (1814-1893) mediku frantziarra izan zen, 1855ean, hau da, 500 bat urte geroago. Eta 750 urte igaro ziren, gehienok, CSI fikziozko telesaileko Gil Grissomi esker, intsektuek gaizkileak harrapatzeko balio dutela jakin genuen arte. Baina Sung T’zu izan zen berritzailetzat dugun teknika erabiltzen lehena; luminolik, latexezko eskularrurik, mikroskopiorik eta ordenagailurik gabe, gainera.


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