Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Giltzurruneko kolikoak

Giltzurruneko kolikoa edo koliko nefritikoa giltzurrun inguruan, gerriaren albo batean nahiz bestean, azaltzen den oso min gogorra da. Gernua kanporatzeko oztopo baten ondorioz presioak gora egiten du, eta gernubideak puztu edo handitu egiten dira.

Pixari aurrera egiten uzten ez dion oztopoa kalkulu bat izan ohi da, giltzurrunetik irteten den hodiaren barruan sartu eta hor trabatuta geratzen den harri moduko kozkorra. Askoz ere arraroagoak diren beste kasu batzuetan, buxadura odol-koagulu batek edo zorne-bilduma batek sor dezake, edo gernubidea abzesu nahiz tumore batek estutzen duelako agertuko da traba edo oztopoa.

Zer sintoma ditu kolikoak?

Mina, oso zorrotza, gerriaren alde batean kokatzen da, azken saihets-hezurraren parean gutxi gorabehera, eta bat-batean agertu ohi da. Normalean ez da etengabea izaten, une batzuetan baretze antzera egingo du, ondoren berriro azaltzeko, pazientea harriaz erditzen ariko balitz bezala. Gerri aldetik sabelera zabaltzen da mina, alde horretako iztaira, hortik barrabiletara eta zakil-puntara iristeko gizonezkoen kasuan, eta genitaletako ezpain nagusietara emakumeenean. Minaz gain, molestiak agertzen dira pixa egiterakoan, eta batzuetan pixa odolez zikindua. Goragaleak, gorakoak eta izerdi hotza ere sarritan agertzen dira.

Ba al da konplikaziorik?

Ez dira oso usuak, baina ez dira hala ere baztertzeko modukoak: gernu-infekzioak dira arruntenak, gernubideak buxatuta daudenez. Buxadura erabatekoa baldin bada, pixa ezin da kanporatu eta trabatuta geratzen da, gernubideak dilatatuz doaz eta gernuaren presioak gora egiten du. Horrek giltzurrunei eragiten die, eta horixe da lesio larri samarrak sortzeko arrisku nagusia.

Kolikoa duenak larrialdietara joan behar du, mina tratatu eta diagnostikoa ziurtatzeko. Garrantzi handikoa da kolikoaren arrazoia zein den jakitea; erradiografia arruntetan ikusten ez diren kalkuluak badaudenez, ekografia erabiltzen da zalantza guztiak argitzeko. Kontraste bidezko erradiografiak edo erresonantzia magnetikoa ere erabil daitezke harria non dagoen zehazteko, batetik; erabakitzeko ea bere kasa kanporatuko den, edota, aitzitik, tratamendua beharko den kalkulua botatzeko, bestetik; eta giltzurrunean gerta daitezkeen eraginak eta ondorioak baloratzeko, azkenik. Mina bero lokalarekin baretzen da: ur-poltsa bero bat, esterila elektrikoa edo, erremediorik onena, gerriraino estaliko gaituen ur bero-berozko bainu batean murgiltzea.

Eta prebentzio moduan zer?

Kolikoa harriak eragindakoa denean, ezinezkoa da berriro errepikatuko den ala ez jakitea, kalkuluak desegin eta kanporatu arren. Horregatik, harri gehiagorik sor ez dadin saiatzea da aurrera begira egin beharreko gauzarik garrantzitsuena. Ariketa fisikoa egin, horrek harriak eratzea zailtzen duelako. Komeni da egunean bi litro ur gutxienez edatea, honela banatuta: eguneko otordu nagusietan, otorduak pasa eta handik bi ordura eta ohera joaterakoan. Neurri dietetikoak aldatu egiten dira zertxobait, harriaren konposizioaren arabera. Gatz eta proteinen kontsumoa mugatu behar da otorduetan, gernuan kaltzioa eta azido urikoa gehitzen dituztelako. Eguneroko elikaduran hurrengoak dira kontrolatu beharreko jakiak: esnekiak kaltziozko harrien kasuan; berdurak, lekaleak eta zitrikoak oxalatoz eratutako harrien kasuan; eta haragiak oro har eta erraiak eta barrukiak bereziki azido urikozko harrien kasuan.


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