Automatically translated from Basque, translation may contain errors. More information here. Elhuyarren itzultzaile automatikoaren logoa

Neanderthalen dieta mediterranearra

Neanderthaleko gizaki talde baten bizimodua irudikatzen duen eszena. Orain arte eremu akademikoan gizaki horiek haragijaleak zirela eta horrek espeziea desagertzea bultzatu zuela uste izan da. Baina berriki zientzialari talde batek frogatu du uste baino a
Neanderthaleko gizaki talde baten bizimodua irudikatzen duen eszena. Orain arte eremu akademikoan gizaki horiek haragijaleak zirela eta horrek espeziea desagertzea bultzatu zuela uste izan da. Baina berriki zientzialari talde batek frogatu du uste baino askoz dieta aberatsagoa zutela. Max Planck Institute.

Eurasia, duela 37.000 urte. 200.000 urtez kontinentean nagusi izan ondoren, eta Cro-Magnoneko gizakiekin batera 5.000 urte inguru bizi ondoren, Neanderthaleko gizakiak desagertu egin ziren. Gizaki horien biziraupena galarazi zuten faktoreak oraindik garbi ez dauden arren, neanderthalak haragijale izateak horretan eragina izan zutela uste izan da orain arte. Hipotesi horren arabera, klima aldaketak gizaki horien inguruko fauna aldatzea ekarri zuen, neanderthalek ehizan gero eta emaitza kaxkarragoa lortzen zuten eta, beraz, gero eta elikagai gutxiago zeukaten. Hala, tartean beste arrazoi batzuk egon arren, dieta mugatuak desagertzea bizkortu omen zuen.

Baina Washingtoneko (AEB) Smithsonian Institutuko eta George Washington Unibertsitateko zientzialariek hipotesi hori bertan behera utzi dute, Shanidar (Irak) eta Spy (Belgika) kobazuloetan aurkitutako arrastoak aztertuta. Duela 40.000 urteko hortzetan aurkitutako material begetal fosilizatuak aztertu dituzte eta, horri esker, hortz horien jabeek, neanderthaleko gizakiek, landareak eta barazkiak prestatu eta jaten zituztela jakin dute. Besteak beste, datil palmondoak, lekaleak eta belar haziak kontsumitzen zituzten, gerora Homo sapiens sapiens-on dietan ere ohikoak izan diren jakiak. Baina jaki horien elikagaiak lortzeko aurrez prestatu eta berotu behar zituzten.

Garbi dago orain arte nagusitu den hipotesiko ehiztari haragijaleentzat bizirautea zailagoa zela, baina berriki deskubritutako neanderthal orojale eta sukaldariek, dieta anitzari esker, inguru aldakorrera egokitzeko uste baino askoz ahalmen handiagoa zutela frogatu da. Gainera, arrastook salbuespena izan zirela pentsatzeak ez du zentzurik, arrastoak Iraken eta Belgikan topatu baitituzte. Orduan, zergatik desagertu ziren?

Fikziozko telesailetan, Smithsonianeko zientzialariek eta enparauek egungo auziak argitu ohi dituzte beren ikerlanei esker, baina, oraingoan, benetakoek egindako aurkikuntzak Nenderthaleko gizakiaren 40.000 urteko misterioa areagotu besterik ez du egin.


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